B. Sc. (Hons.) Courses
Students admitted to 3-year B. Sc. (Hons.) course of the Banaras Hindu University have to choose any one
combination of 3-subjects. The subject-combinations, which have Chemistry as one of the subjects, are
(A) In the Faculty of Science (Male and Female both)
(i)

Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,

(ii)

Botany, Zoology, Chemistry,

(iii) Botany, Geology, Chemistry, and
(iv) Geology, Geography, Chemistry
(B) In Mahila Maha Vidyalaya (MMV) (Female only)
(i)

Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry

(ii)

Botany, Zoology, Chemistry

(iii) Zoology, Chemistry, Psychology
(iv) Botany, Home Science, Chemistry

B.Sc. (Hons.) CHEMISTRY Syllabi
(Effective from Session 2000-2001)
(A) Theory Papers:
B.Sc. Part I

Marks

BCH-101 : Inorganic Chemistry
BCH-102 : Organic Chemistry
BCH-103 : Physical Chemistry

50
50
50
150

B.Sc. Part II
BCH-201 : Inorganic Chemistry
BCH-202 : Organic Chemistry
BCH-203 : Physical Chemistry

50
50
50
150

B.Sc. Part III
BCH-301
BCH-302
BCH-303
BCH-304
BCH-305
BCH-306

(B) Practicals

:
:
:
:
:
:

Analytical Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Biomolecules, Polymers, and Drugs
Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach

75
75
75
75
75
75
450

B. Sc. Part I
Section A (Quantitative)
Physical
Volumetric
Viva
Sessional

Marks
8
7
5
5
25

Section B (Qualitative)
Inorganic Mixtures
Organic
Viva
Sessional

Marks
10
5
5
5
25

B. Sc. Part II
SectionA (Quantitative)
Physical
Volumetric
Viva
Sessional

Marks
8
7
5
5
25

Section A (Qualitative)
Inorrganic Mixtures
Organic
Viva
Sessional

B. Sc. Part III
Section A :
Section B :
Section C :

Physical
Inorganic
Orrganic

50
50
50
150

Note : Separate examinations will be held for each section of practical.

Marks
10
5
5
5
25

B.Sc. (Hons.) Part I
BCH-101 : Inorganic Chemistry
Marks : 50
1. Atomic Structure : Idea of de Broglie matter waves. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Schrödinger wave
equation, significance of wave functions, Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers. Aufbau and Paulis
exclusion principles. Hund's multiplicity rule. Variation of orbital energies with atomic number and
energy level diagram, electronic configuration of elements, effective nuclear charge and shielding; radial
and angular wave functions and distribution curves, shape of s,p,d orbitals and their characteristics.10
2. Periodic Properties : Atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electrode potential (use of redox
potential-reaction feasibility), electron affinity and electronegativity – definition, methods of
determination or evaluation, trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the
chemical behaviour.
10
3. Chemical Bonding : (i) Ionic Bond – Types of ionic solids, radius ratio effect and coordination number,
limitations of radius ratio, lattice defects, lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy and
solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and polarizability, Fajan's rules.
6
(ii) Covalent Bond : Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional characteristics of covalent
bond, various types of hybridization and shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions such as NH3,
H3O+, SF4, ClF3 ICl2¯ , and H2O by valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, linear
combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), bonding, nonbonding and antibonding molecular orbitals.
Applications of MO theory to explain the stability of homo and hetero dinuclear diatomic molecules,
12
multi-centre bonding in electron-deficient molecules.
(iii) Bond Energy : Dissociation and average bond energies – determination, periodic trends and
applications. Metallic Bond : Free electron, valence bond and band theories. Weak Interactions:
Hydrogen Bond – experimental evidence, van der Waal's forces.
4
4. s-Block Elements : Hydride (classification, general methods of preparation and salient features),
hydration energies, solvation and complexation tendencies of alkali and alkaline-earth metals, principle
of metallurgical extraction, Chemistry of Li and Be, their anomalous behaviour and diagonal
relationships, alkyls and aryls; role in biology.
8
5. p-Block Elements : Comparative study (group-wise) of group 13 & 14 elements with respect to periodic
properties. Compounds such as hydrides, halides, oxides and oxyacids; diagonal relationship;
preparation, properties, bonding and structure of diborane, borazine and alkalimetal borohydrides.
Preparation, properties and technical applications of carbides and fluorocarbons. Silicones and structural
principles of silicates.
10
Books Recommended
1. “A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London.
2. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”, R. C. Aggarwal, 1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
3. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995),
John Wiley & Sons, New York.

BCH-102 : Organic Chemistry
Marks 50
1. Structure and Reactivity : Atomic orbitals, hybridization, orbital representation of methane, ethane,
ethene, ethyne and benzene; polarity of bonds – inductive, resonance and steric effects and their
influence on acidity and basicity of organic compounds.
6
2. Organic reaction mechanisms : Heterolytic and homolytic cleavage, nucleophiles, electrophiles and
free-radicals; substitution, addition and elimination reactions; energy profile diagrams-transition states
(general considerations).
5
3. Alkanes : Conformations of ethane and n-butane; mechanism of chlorination of methane.

3

4. Alkyl halides : Preparation and reactions, SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. Grignard reagents- preparation
and synthetic applications.
5
5. Alkenes : E1 and E2 mechanisms, Elimination versus substitution reactions, Addition reactions
(electrophilic and free radical), Hydration, hydroxylation, hydroboration, epoxidation and ozonolysis. 6
6. Dienes : Conjugated and isolated dienes, resonance stabilization, 1,2-versus 1,4-addition, Diels-Alder
reaction.
3
7. Alkynes : Reduction, electrophilic addition, acidity and metal acetylides.

2

8. Alcohols : Comparative study of dehydration, oxidation, substitution and esterification of primary,
secondary and tertiary alcohols.
4
9. Aldehydes and Ketones : Nucleophilic addition reactions, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction,
oxidation and reduction, Haloform reaction.
6
10. Aliphatic Caboxylic Acids : General preparattion and reactions of mono- and di-carboxylic acids.

3

11. Polymers and Polymerization : Elementary treatment - Alkene polymerization and condensation
polymers – polyethylenes, nylons and terylene.
4
12. Active methylene compounds : Preparation and synthetic applications of ethyl acetoacetate and diethyl
malonate, Tautomerism.
6
13. Stereochemistry : Fischer, saw-horse and Newman projection formulae. Chirality-optical activity,
enantiomerism and diastereoisomerism involving one and two chiral centers, configuration, geometrical
isomerism, D/L, R/S and E/Z nomenclatures.
7
Books Recommended
1. “Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. “Organic Chemistry”, S. M. Mukherjee, S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor, 1st Edition (1985), New Age
International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi.
3. “Organic Chemistry – Structure and Reactivity”, Seyhan N. Ege, 3rd Edition (1998), AITBS Publishers
and Distributtors, Delhi.
4. “Organic Chemistry”, Paula Y. Bruice, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Interrrnational Edition (1998).

BCH-103 : Physical Chemistry
Marks : 50
1. Gaseous State : Kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas laws and kinetic theory. Collision in a gas- mean free
path, collision diameter, collision number. Behaviour of real gases - the van der Waal’s equation, brief
mention of other equations of state. Critical phenomena - critical constants of a gas and their
determination, continuity of state, the van der Waals equation and critical state, Principle of
corresponding states, liquefaction of gases.
8
2. Liquid State : Surface tension of liquids, capillary action, surface tension and temperature, interfacial
tension, surface active agents, the Parachor and chemical constitution (atomic and structural parachors).
Viscosity of liquids, experimental determination of viscosity coefficient, its variation with temperature.6
3. Thermodynamics : Introduction of different terms and processes in thermodynamics : [systems
(isolated, closed, open) and surrounding, macroscopic properties (extensive and intensive), kinds of
processes], First Law of thermodynamics and internal energy, state and state functions (exact
differential), sign convention for heat and work, nature of work, path dependence of work and heat.
Enthalpy, heat changes at constant volume and constant pressure, heat capacities ( Cv , Cp ) and relation
between them for ideal gases.
Reversible and irreversible processes, maximum work, thermodynamic quantities (w, q, ∆U, ∆H) for
isothermal and adiabatic reversible expansion of ideal gases. Ideal gas law for adiabatic reversible
expansion, comparison of adiabatic and isothermal reversible expasion. Joule-Thomson effect, JouleThomson coefficient in ideal and real (van der Waal) gases, inversion temperature.
Change in internal energy (∆U) and enthalpy (∆H) of chemical reactions, relation between ∆U and ∆H,
variation of heat of reaction with temperature (Kirchhoff’s equation).
15
4. Electrochemistry : Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, classification of electrolytes;
Hydrolysis of salts, hydrolysis constant, buffer solutions, indicators and theory of acid-base indicators.
Migration of ions : transference number and its determination (Hittorf and Moving Boundary methods).
Conductance of solutions, variation of molar conductance with concentration (Kohlrausch square root
law), Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions, ionic mobility, hydration of ions, application of
conductance measurements (degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes, dissociation constant of weak
acids, determination of solubility of sparingly soluble salts, degree of dissociation of water,
conductometric titrations).
15
5. Chemical Kinetics : Order and molecularity of a chemical reaction, basic kinetic laws of first and second
order reactions, analysis of kinetic data for the determination of the rate constant and order, effect of
temperature on reaction rates (Arrheninus equation), collision theory of rates of bimolecular reactions. 6
6. Nuclear Chemistry : Isotopes : their separation and applications. Nuclear forces, nuclear binding
energy, stability of nucleus, energy changes in nuclear reactions, Bethe notation, nuclear fission and
fusion. Uses of nuclear radiations ( radiation, sterilization, radiation energy for chemical synthesis).
Radio isotopes as a source of electricity.
10
Books Recommended
1. “Physical Chemistry”, P. C. Rakshit, 5th Edition (1988), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House,
Calcutta.
2. “Principles of Physical Chemistry”, B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, and M. S. Pathania, 37th Edition
(1998), Shoban Lal Nagin Chand & Co., Jalandhar.
3. “Physical Chemistry”, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition, Houghton Mifflin Comp., New
York, International Edition(1999).

B.Sc.(Hons.) Part II
BCH-201 : Inorganic Chemistry
Marks : 50
1. Acids and Bases : Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry, Luxflood, Solvent System and Lewis concepts of acids
and bases. Factors affecting strengths of Lewis acids and bases.
7
2. Non-aqueous Solvents : Physical properties of a solvent for functioning as an effective reaction
medium. Types of solvents and their general characteristics. Reactions in liquid ammonia and liquid
sulfur dioxide.
7
3. Chemistry of p-block elements (Groups 15, 16, 17 and 18) : Group trend in periodic properties,
hydrides, oxides, oxyacids and halides. Structures of oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen, phosphorus,
sulphur, selenium, tellurium and halogens. Chemistry of cyclophosphazines and tetrasulphur tetranitride.
Basic properties of iodine, structure and bonding of interhalogens and polyhalides, compounds of
xenon.
16
4. Transition Metals : Characteristic properties of 3d elements – ionic radii, oxidation states,
complexation tendency, magnetic behaviour and electronic spectral properties. Spectrophotometric
estimation of metal ions.
8
5. Lanthanides : Comparative study of lanthanide elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic
and ionic radii, oxidation state and complex formation. Lanthanide contraction. Occurrence and
principles of separation of lanthanides.
8
6. Coordination Compounds : Werner's theory, nomenclature, chelates, stereo-chemistry of coordination
numbers 4, 5 and 6. Various types of isomerism in coordination complexes. Important applications of
coordination compounds. Theories of metal-ligand bonding in transition metal complexes- Sidgwick
effective atomic number concept, valence bond theory of coordination compounds.
14

Books Recommended
1. “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London.
2. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”, R. C. Aggarwal ,1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
3. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995),
John Wiley & Sons, New Yorrk.

BCH-202 : Organic Chemistry
Marks : 50
1. Petroleum and Petrochemicals : Origin of petroleum, composition, refining, reforming, fractionation,
cracking, knocking. Octane number, Cetane number, kerosene, naphtha, LPG, synthetic petrol,
petrochemicals.
5
2. Benzene : Structure, aromaticity, Huckel rule.

4

3. Electrophlic Aromatic Substitutions : Mechanisms of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and FriedelCrafts (alkylation and acylation) reactions. Effects of substituents on reactivity and orientation.
6
4. Aryl Halogen Compounds : Chlorobenzene, comparative reactivity of aryl, benzyl, vinyl and allyl
halides. Side chain chlorination of toluene. DDT and BHC. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in aryl
halides.
5
5. Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones : Preparation and important reactions of benzaldehyde and
acetophenone.
4
6. Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives : Carboxylic acids, general preparation and reactions.
Comparative acidity of carboxylic and sulphonic acids. Benzoic, phthalic and cinnamic acid. General
chemistry of acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, amides and esters
6
7. Penols : Phenol, catechol and resorcinol; general methods of preparation and reactions. Relative acidity
of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid. Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.
4
8. Nitrogen Containing Compounds : Nitrobenzene and its reduction products. Comparative basicity of
aliphatic and aromatic amines. Hinsberg test for amines. Diazonium salts : preparation and synthetic
applications.
8
9. Carbohydrates : Classification, characteristic reactions of aldoses and ketoses. Glucose-structure
(including cyclic structure), mutarotation. Fructose (reactions only).
6
10. Heterocyclic Compounds : Synthesis and reactions, aromatic character of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and
pyridine.
6
11. Problems based on chemical reactions and structure covering the above topics.

6

Books Recommended :
1. “Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. “Organic Chemistry”, S. M. Mukherji , S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor, 1st Edition
Reprint (1999), New Age International (P) Ltd.Publishers, New Delhi.

(1985), 5th

3. “Organic Chemistry – Structure and Reactivity”, Seyhan N. Ege, AITBS publishers, Delhi (1998).
4. “Organic Chemistry”, Paula Y. Bruice, 2nd Edition , Prentice-Hall Internattional Inc, New Jersey,
International Edition (1998).

BCH-203 : Physical Chemistry
Marks : 50
1. Thermodynamics : Limitation of First Law, spontaneous processes and Second Law of
Thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, entropy, entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes and of
universe, physical concept of entropy, entropy changes of an iead gas in different processes, entropy of
an ideal gas, entropy changes in mixture of gases. Third Law of thermodynamics, variation of entropy
with temperature, determination of absolute entropies of liquid and gases. The concept of residual
entropy. Applications of Third Law.
Free energy and its concept, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies and their relationship,variation of free
energy with temperature and pressure. Maxwell’s relations, Gibbs-Helmholtz equations, its application
for the determination of ∆G, ∆H, ∆S of a reversible cell reaction. Criteria for reversible and irreversible
processes based on entropy and free energy concept. Thermodynamics of phase transition-ClapeyronClausius equation and its applications.
15
2. Phase Equilibria : Phase rule, phase, component, degree of freedom, thermodynamic derivation of
phase rule, phase diagrams of one component systems (water and sulfur), two component systems
(phenol-water, lead-silver, tin-magnesium). The distribution law, applications to cases of dissociation
and association of solutes in one of the phases, solvent extraction, equilibrium constant from distribution
coefficient (KI + I2 = KI3).
10
3. Electrochemical Cells : Galvanic cells, reversible and irreversible cells, cell emf and its measurement..
Reactions in reversible cells, free energy and emf of reversible cell. Single electrode potential (Nernst
equation), its measurement and sign convention. Standard electrode potential. Emf of reversile cell from
electrode potentials. Types of reversible electrode, reference electrodes. Applications of emf
measurements : determination of ionic activities, pH, potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,
precipitation type reactions), equilibrium constant. Concentration cells with and without transference.
Liquid junction potential and its elimination. Overvoltage, experimental determination of hydrogen
overvoltage, application of overvoltage. Fuel cells (hydogen-oxygen, hydrocarbon-oxygen), Commercial
cells (primary and secondary cells), dry cell, acid and alkali storage cells.
15
4. Surface and Colloids Chemistry : Adsorption- Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Multi
adsorption-BET equation (no derivation) and its application to surface area measurement.
(reversible and irreversible), emulsions and emulsifiers, association colloids (micelles),
Applications of colloids.

layer
Sols
gels.
6

5. Solid State : Structural distinction between liquid and solid, crystalline state, crystal systems, crystal
lattices, space lattice, unit cell, law of rational indices, Miller indices, crystals and x-rays (the Braggs
equation).
6
6. Kinetics of Complex Reactions : reversible (first order in both directions), concurrent, consecutive
reactions. Unimolecular gas reactions (Lindmann theory), steady-state approximations, theory of
absolute reaction rate and its thermodynamical formulation, temperature dependence of frequency factor,
numerical problems.
8
Books Recommended
1. “Physical Chemistry”, P. C. Rakshit, 5th Edition (1985), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House,
Calcutta.
2. “Principles of Physical Chemistry”, B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, and M. S. Pathania, 37th Edition
(1998), Shoban Lal Nagin Chand & Co., Jalandhar.
3. “Physical Chemistry”, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition, Houghton Mifflin Comp., New
York, International Edition (1999).

B. Sc. (Hons.) Part III
BCH-301 : Analytical Chemistry
Marks : 75
1. Statistical Evaluation : Determinate and Indeterminate errors. Normal error curve. Accuracy and
Precision, relative and standard deviation. Methods for minimizing errors. Criteria for rejection of an
observation. Significant figures and computation rules.
10
2. Precipitation : Desirable properties of gravimetric precipitates. Formation of gravimetric precipitates.
Conditions for quantitative precipitation. Contamination in precipitates. Methods for removing
impurities in precipitates. Organic precipitants (oxine, dithiozone, a-nitroso-(-naphthol, cupeferron,
dimethyl glyoxime) in chemical analysis.
10
3. Analytical Reagents : Theoretical and practical aspects of the use of E.D.T.A., cerate, iodate, bromate,
chloramine T, Karl Fischer reagent and periodate in chemical analysis.
8
4. Solvent Extraction : Distribution law, Craig concept of counter-current distribution, Important solvent
extraction systems.
4
5. Chromatography : Classification of chromatographic methods, general principle and application of
adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, thin layer and paper chromatography.
8
6. Radioanalytical Methods : Elementary theory, isotope dilution and Neutron activation methods and
applications.
5
7. Spectrophotometry : Beer's law and its limitations, nomenclature and units. General instrumentation for
spectrophotometry, spectrophotometric determination of one component (iron, chromium, manganese,
nickel, titanium and phosphorus) and two components (overlapping and non-overlapping) systems,
spectrophotometric determinations of dissociation constants of an indicator, photometric errors and
RINGBOM-AYRES plots.
15
8. Environmental Pollution : General awareness : Atmospheric pollution. Source of air pollution, Global
warming, Auto-exhaust emissions, Air quality parameters, acid rains, Industrial and domestic effluents,
Flouresis, Arsenic, mercury, and MIC poisonings. Noise pollution, current environmental issues in the
national context and remedial measures.
10
Books Recommended
1. “Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis”, R. L. Pecsock, L. D. Shields, T. Cairns, and I. C. Mc
William, 2nd Edition ( 1976), John Wiley, New York.
2. “Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry”, S. M. Khopkar, 2nd Edition (1998), New Age International
Publications, New Delhi.
3. “Environmental Chemistry”, A. K. De, 3rd Edition (1994), Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.
4. “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt, and J. A. Dean, 6th Edition (1986),
CBS Publishers & Distributors, Shahdara, Delhi.
Additional References
1. “Analytical Chemistry”, G. D. Christian, 4th Edition (1986), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. “Principles and Methods of Chemical Analysis”, H. F. Walton, 2nd Edition (1966), Prentice Hall, New
Delhi.

BCH-302 : Inorganic Chemistry
Marks : 75
1. Theories of Metal-Ligand bonding : Limitations of valence bond theory; Crystal-field theory and
crystal-field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes; factors affecting the crystal-field
parameters.
8
2. Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes : Types of magnetic behaviour, methods of
determining magnetic susceptibility, L-S and J-J coupling, orbital contribution to magnetic moments.
Correlation of magnetic moment data and stereochemistry of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes; anomalous
magnetic moments.
10
3. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes : Types of electronic transitions, selection rule for dd transitions, spectroscopic ground states. Explanation of electronic spectra on the basis of Orgel energy
level diagrams for d1, d4, d6 and d9 states.
10
4. Thermodynamic and Kinetic aspects of Metal Complexes : A brief outline of thermodynamic stability
of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability. Substitution reactions of square-planar complexes
– Trans effect.
6
5. Chemistry of Second and Third Transition Elements : A general comparative treatment of 4d and 5d
elements with their 3d analogues in respect of ionic radii, oxidation states, magnetic behaviour and
electronic spectral properties.
6
6. Chemistry of f-block Elements : Comparative study of lanthanide elements with respect to electronic
configuration, atomic and ionic radii, oxidation states and complex formation; occurrence and principles
of separation. General features and chemistry of actinides, principles of separation of Np, Pu and Am
from U. Trans-Uranium elements.
10
7. Organometallic Chemistry : Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic
compounds.Preparation, properties, bonding and applications of alkyl and aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn, Ti. A
brief account of metal-ethylenic complexes and homogeneous hydrogenation.
10
8. Essential and trace element in biological process, oxygen transport with reference to haemoglobin,
biological role of alkali metals.
10
Books Recommended
1. “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, J. D. Lee, 5th Edition (1996), Chapman & Hall, London.
2. “Modern Inorganic Chemistry”, R. C. Aggarwal, 1st Edition (1987), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
3. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, 3rd Edition (1995),
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
4. “Inorganic Chemistry”, A. G. Sharpe, 3rd International Student Edition (1999), ELBS / Longman,
U.K.
5. “Inorganic Chemistry”, D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, 3rd Edition (1999), ELBS, London.

BCH-303 : Organic Chemistry
Marks : 75
1. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds : Naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. Carcinogenicity.

7

2. Alicyclic Compounds : Cycloalkanes, general synthesis, Bayer's strain theory. Cyclohexane - chair and
boat conformations, axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexanes.
5
3. Reactive Intermediates (formation, stability, and structure) : free radicals, carbonium ions, carbanions,
carbenes and nitrenes.
8
4. Methods of Determining Reaction Mechanism : Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism,
product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover
experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energeticsimportance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic
isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.
12
5. Molecular Rearrangements Involving Electron Deficient Atoms : Pinacol-pinacolone, Beckmann,
Hofmann and Wolff rearrangements, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.
8
6. Photochemistry : Principles of photochemistry, Photochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds and
olefins.
6
7. Heterocyclic Compounds : Synthesis and chemistry of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

8

8. Dye Stuffs : Colour in relation to structure, modern views, synthesis of malachite green, fluorescein and
methyl orange. Structure and synthesis of indigo and alizarin. Chemistry of dyeing.
8
9. Organosulphur and Organophosphorus Compounds : Introduction to organosulphur compounds,
methods of synthesis and reactions of thiols, thioether and aliphatic sulphonic acids. Introduction to
organophosphorus compounds, phosphate esters and phosphorus ylides, general methods of preparation
and reaction. Wittig reaction.
8
Books Recommended
1. “Organic Chemistry”, I. L. Finar, [Vol. I, 6th Edition (1973), Reprinted in 1980 & Vol. II, 5th Edition
(1975), Reprinted in1996], ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi.
2. “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, P. Sykes, 6th Edition (1997), Orient Longman
Ltd., New Delhi..
3. “Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
4. “Organic Chemistry”, S. M. Mukherji , S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor, 1st Edition
Reprint (1999), New Age International (P) Ltd.Publishers, New Delhi.

(1985), 5th

BCH-304 : Biomolecules, Polymers, and Drugs
Marks : 75
1. Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins : Amino acids –Preparative methods, physical properties, dipolar
nature, chemical reactions and configuration. Peptides : Peptide-linkage, peptide synthesis and structure
of polypeptides. Proteins : General characteristics and secondary structure.
10
2. Alkaloids : Occurrence, importance, general structural features, Hofmann exhaustive methylation,
structure and synthesis of nicotine and piperine.
8
3. Carbohydrates : Sucrose, starch and cellulose (structural aspects only).

6

4. Vitamins and Hormones : Chemical constitution and physiological functions of vitamins A, B2
(Riboflavin), C (Ascorbic acid); Thyroxin and estrone.
10
5. Terpens : Occurrence, isolation, classification, Isoprene rule, structure and synthesis of citral, geraniol
and a-terpineol.
6
6. Drugs : Classification, preparation and uses of the following :
(i) Antipyretics and Analgesics : Aspirin, Paracetamol, Phenylbutazone.
(ii) Sulpha drugs : Sulphanilamide, Sulphapyridine, sulphathiazole, sulphaguani-dine. Mechanism of
action of sulpha drugs.
(iii)Antimalarials : Chloroquine, Primaquine.
(iv) Antibiotics : Chloramphenicol.

10

7. Polymers : Types of polymers and polymerisation process, Addition polymers, stereocontrolled
polymers, condensation polymers, radical, ionic and coordination mechanism of polymerisation.
Preparation and applications of following polymers : (i) Natural and synthetic rubber, (ii) Synthetic
fibers : Polyester, polyamides, polyacrylates and rayons, (iii) Plastics : Polyolefines and Polyurethanes,
(iv) Foaming agent : Plasticisers (v) Biodegradable polymers.
20
Books Recommended
1. “Organic Chemistry”, R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th Edition (1992), Prentice-Hall of India (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. “Organic Chemistry”, S. M. Mukherji , S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor, 1st Edition
Reprint (1999), New Age International (P) Ltd.Publishers, New Delhi.

(1985), 5th

3. “Organic Chemistry”, I. L. Finar, Vol. II, 5th Edition (1975), Reprinted in1996, ELBS and Longman
Ltd., New Delhi.
4. “Organic Polymer Chemistry”, K. J. Saunders, 2nd Edition (1988), Chapman & Hall, London.

BCH-305 : Physical Chemistry
Marks : 75
1. Solid State : Crystal structure of NaCl, KCl, graphite, and diamond. Types of crystal (molecular,
covalent, metallic, ionic). Imperfection in crystals : point defect, Schottky defect, Frankel defect, metal
excess defect (colour centre), line defect (dislocations), edge and screw dislocations. Imperfection due to
transient atomic displacement.
13
2. Kinetics and Photochemistry : Heterogeneous catalysis (surface reactions) : kinetics of unimolecular
reactions- inhibition and activation energy. Bimolecular surface reactions - reactions between a gas
molecule and an adsorbed molecule, reaction between two adsorbed moecules. Nature of surface,
concept of active centres. Kinetics of enzymatic reactions: Michaelis-Menten equation, effect of
temperature and pH.
Law of photochemical equivalence, quantum efficiency, reasons for low and high quantum efficiency.
Kinetics of photochemical reactions ( H2 + Br2 = HBr, 2HI = H2 + I2), photostationary state. Chemical
actinometers (ferri-oxalate, uranyl oxalate, MGL [malachite green leucocyanide)] and Reinecke’s salt,
fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence.
20
3. Thermodynamics of Solutions : Partial molal quantities, chemical potential, the Gibbs-Duhem equation,
determination of partial molal quantities, variation of chemical potential with temperature and pressure,
chemical potential in case of a system of ideal gases, chemical potential of real gases and fugacity,
activity and activity coefficient (concept and physical significance), reference and standard states.
Variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure, Lewis-Randall rule, thermodynamic functions of
mixing (∆Gmix , ∆Smix , ∆Vmix , ∆Hmix), ideal solutions and their characteristic properties, DuhemMargules equation and its application, Henry and Raoult’s law. Thermodynamics of colligative
properties : Freezing point depression, elevation of boiling point, osmotic pressure. van’t Hoff equation.
Measurement of osmotic pressure and determination of molecular weight of macromolecules.
15
4. Electrochemistry : Theory of strong electrolytes :- Qualitative idea of Debye-Huckel theory of ion-ion
interactions, Debye-Huckel limiting law for activity coefficient of ions in electrolyte solution (derivation
not required), its modification for concentrated solutions. Debye-Huckel-Onsager (D-H-O) theory of
electrolytic conductance : qualitative idea of electrophoretic and relaxation effects, D-H-O equation for
conductance of electrolyte solutions, effect of high frequency and high field on conductance. Qualitative
idea of electrified interface, electrokinetic effects, derivation of zeta potential.
10
5. Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry : Nuclear reactions-Bethe’s notation, types of nuclear reactions (n, p,
α, d and γ), conservation of quantities (mass-energy and linear momentum) in nuclear reactions, reaction
cross-section, compound nucleus theory and nuclear reactions.
Radiation chemistry : Elementary ideas of radiation chemistry, radiolysis of water and aqueous
solutions, unit of radiation chemical yield (G-value), radiation dosimetry (Fricke’s dosimeter), units of
radiation energy (Rad, Gray, Rontgen, RBE, Rcm, Sievert).
12
Books Recommended
1. “Physical Chemistry”, P. C. Rakshit, 5th Edition (1988), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House,
Calcutta.
2. “Physical Chemistry”, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition (International Edition ,1999),
Houghton Mifflin Co., New York.
3. “Physical Chemistry”, I. N. Levine, 4th Edition (International Edition, 1995), Mc Graw-Hill Inc., New
York.
4. “Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry” H. J. Arnikar, 4th Edition (1995), New Age International (p) Ltd.,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

BCH-306 : Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach
Marks : 75
1. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure : A review of the black body radiation and the old quantum
theory. The wave nature of electron. The Uncertainty Principle. Schrödinger’s wave mechanics.
Eigenfunctions and normalizations. Quantum mechanical operators. Expectation value of a physical
quantity. Orthogonality of wave functions. The particle in a one dimensional box problem and its
solutions. Particle in a three dimensional box. Degeneracy. The hydrogen atom problem. Atomic
orbitals. Orbital quantum numbers and their physical significance. Electron spin. Helium atom and Pauli
Principle. The variational principle.
14
2. The Chemical Bond : The Molecular Orbital (MO) theory. The hydrogen molecule ion. Hydrogen
molecule (MO and VB descriptions). Simple molecular orbitals for homonuclear and heteronuclear
diatomic molecules. Bond description. Hybridization.
10
3. Molecular Spectroscopy : Emission and absorption spectra. Transition probabilities and selection rules.
Pure rotational spectra. Diatomic molecules. Rigid rotor model. Linear triatomic molecules. Vibrationalrotational spectra. Diatomic molecules. Harmonic oscillator-rigid rotor approximation. Anharmonicity
effect. Normal modes of vibration. Infrared spectra of linear and bent AB2 molecules. Characteristic
group frequencies. Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Vibrational structure. Franck-Condon
principle.
14
4. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy : Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Chemical shifts. Spinspin splittings. Relaxation times. Electron Spin Resonance. Nuclear hyperfine splittings.
10
5. Molecular Statistics : The Boltzmann distribution. Maxwell distribution law for distribution of
molecular speeds. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law for the distribution of molecular energies.
The partition functions. Thermodynamic quantities from partition functions. The Sackrur-Tetrode
equation for molar entropy of monoatomic gases. Rotational and vibrational partition functions. The
characteristic temperature. The calculation of Gibbs free energy changes and equilibrium constant in
terms of partition functions.
12
6. Liquid State : Internal pressure and internal energy. Radial distribution function. Intermolecular forces.
5
7. Transport Phenomena : General transport equation. Viscosity and diffusion.

5

Books Recommended
1. “Physical Chemistry”, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition (International Edition ,1999),
Houghton Mifflin Co., New York.
2. “Physical Chemistry”, I. N. Levine, 4th Edition (International Edition, 1995), Mc Graw-Hill Inc., New
York.
3. “Physical Chemistry - A Molecular Approach”, D. A. McQuarrie and J. D. Simon, South Asian
Edition (1998), University Science Books, Sausalito CA, by Viva Books, New Delhi.

PRACTICALS
B. Sc. (Hons.) Part I
Section A : Quantitative Analysis (Physical and Volumetric)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Marks : 25

Determination of water equivalent of calorimeter (cooling curve).
Heat of neutralization (strong acid-strong base).
Heat of dissociation of weak acid.
Heat of solution ( NH4NO3 , CaCl2).
Basicity of an acid by thermochemical method.
Kinetics of First Order reaction.
Redox titration : (a) Iodometry (b) Fe2+ / K2Cr2O7

Section B : Qualitative Analysis (Organic and Inorganic)

Marks : 25

1. Qualitative Organic Analysis :
(i) Detection of elements (X, N, S)
(ii) Detection of functional groups :
PhOH, -COOH, C-O, -CHO, Ar-NH2, Ar-NO2, -CONH2
2. Qualitative Inorganic Mixture Analysis : Not containing more than 4 ions with combination and upto
one interfering anion
Note : Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities.

B. Sc. (Hons.) Part II
Section A : Quantitative Analysis (Physical and Volumetric)

Marks : 25

1. Critical Solution Temperature.
2. Effect of impurity on Critical Solution Temperature.
3. Distribution of solute in two immisible solvents (without association).
4. Distribution of solute in two immisible solvents (with association in one solvent).
5. Determination of pH of a given buffer.
6. Coagulation of a sol.
7. Determination of Surface Tension of liquids.
8. Determination of viscosity coefficients of liquids.
9. Complexometric titrations : Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+ with EDTA; Hardness of water.
10. Iodimetric titration.
Section B : Qualitative Analysis & Preparation (Organic and Inorganic)

Marks : 25

1. Organic :
(a) Preparation of following compounds :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

m-dinitrobenzene
Acetanilide
Tribromophenol
Sulphanilic acid
Oxidation of primary alcohols-Benzoic acid from benzylacohol

(b) Identification of simple organic compounds (derivatives not included)
2. Inorganic :
Preparation of following complexes :
(i) Potassium trioxalato chromate(III)
(ii) CoHg(SCN)4
(iii) Cu(I) thiourea complex
(iv) Double salts ( Chrome alum/ Mohr’s salt)
(v) Bis ( 2, 4-pentanedionate) zinc hydrate
Note : Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities.

B. Sc. (Hons.) Part III
Section A : Physical Chemistry Practicals

Marks : 50

1. Viscosity-composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.
2. Surface tension-composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.
3. Determination of indicator constant - colorimetry.
4. Determination of pH of a given solution using glass electrode.
5. Beer’s Law - Determination of concentration of solution by colorimetry.
6. Order of reaction of I2 / Acetone / H+.
7. Equilibrium constant of methyl acetate hydrolysis reaction.
8. Dissociation constants of weak acid, base.
9. Conductometric titration : acid-base.
10. Potentiometric titration : acid-base.
11. Kinetics of catalytic decomposition of H2O2.
12. Kinetics of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sugar (chemical method).
13. Determination of relative strengths of two acids by studying the kinetics of acid-catalysed ester
hydrolysis.
14. Kinetics of enzymatic reaction (starch-amylase system).
Section B : Inorganic Chemistry Practicals

Marks : 50

1. Determination of nickel as nickel (II) dimethyl glyoximate (involving solvent extraction)
colorimetrically.
2. Determination of Pb as dithiozone complex colorimetrically.
3. Determination of Al or Mg as their oxinate colorimetrically.
4. Potentiometric titration involving EDTA.
5. Potentiometric titration of Fe2+ with Ce4+.
6. Job’s method of continuous variation for determination of stoichiometry of the complexes.
7. Gravimetric determination of the following using sintered glass crucible:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Ni as Ni(DMG)2
Cu as Cu(SCN)
Al or Mg as oxinate
Zn as Zn NH4PO4

8. Chromatographic separation of the following :
(a) Cl−, Br−, and I−

(b) Cd2+ and Hg2+

(c) Ag2+ and Pb2+

9. Preparation of Aluminium acetylacetonate and its purification by vacuum sublimation.
Section C : Organic Chemistry Practicals

Marks : 50

1. Systematic identification of organic compounds (monofunctional and simple bifunctional) and
preparation of their derivatives.
2. Preparation of the following compounds:
Suphanilic acid, dibenzyl acetone, methyl orange, dinitrobenzene from benzene, isolation of caffine.
3. Estimation of phenol (bromide-bromate method) and aniline (bromide-bromate and acetylation
methods).
4. Equivalent weight of an acid ( neutralization).
5. Identification of organic functional groups by I.R. spectroscopy.

Note : Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities.

BCH-203 : Physical Chemistry
Marks : 50
1.

Thermodynamics : Limitation of First Law, spontaneous processes and Second Law of
Thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, entropy, entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes and of
universe, physical concept of entropy, entropy changes of an iead gas in different processes, entropy of
an ideal gas, entropy changes in mixture of gases. Third Law of thermodynamics, variation of entropy
with temperature, determination of absolute entropies of liquid and gases. The concept of residual
entropy. Applications of Third Law.
Free energy and its concept, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies and their relationship,variation of free
energy with temperature and pressure. Maxwell’s relations, Gibbs-Helmholtz equations, its application
for the determination of ∆G, ∆H, ∆S of a reversible cell reaction. Criteria for reversible and irreversible
processes based on entropy and free energy concept. Thermodynamics of phase transition-ClapeyronClausius equation and its applications.
15

2.

Phase Equilibria : Phase rule, phase, component, degree of freedom, thermodynamic derivation of
phase rule, phase diagrams of one component systems (water and sulfur), two component systems
(phenol-water, lead-silver, tin-magnesium). The distribution law, applications to cases of dissociation
and association of solutes in one of the phases, solvent extraction, equilibrium constant from distribution
coefficient (KI + I2 = KI3).
10

3.

Electrochemical Cells : Galvanic cells, reversible and irreversible cells, cell emf and its measurement..
Reactions in reversible cells, free energy and emf of reversible cell. Single electrode potential (Nernst
equation), its measurement and sign convention. Standard electrode potential. Emf of reversile cell from
electrode potentials. Types of reversible electrode, reference electrodes. Applications of emf
measurements : determination of ionic activities, pH, potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,
precipitation type reactions), equilibrium constant. Concentration cells with and without transference.
Liquid junction potential and its elimination. Overvoltage, experimental determination of hydrogen
overvoltage, application of overvoltage. Fuel cells (hydogen-oxygen, hydrocarbon-oxygen), Commercial
cells (primary and secondary cells), dry cell, acid and alkali storage cells.
15

4.

Surface and Colloids Chemistry : Adsorption- Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Multi
adsorption-BET equation (no derivation) and its application to surface area measurement.
(reversible and irreversible), emulsions and emulsifiers, association colloids (micelles),
Applications of colloids.

5.

Solid State : Structural distinction between liquid and solid, crystalline state, crystal systems, crystal
lattices, space lattice, unit cell, law of rational indices, Miller indices, crystals and x-rays (the Braggs
equation).
6

6.

Kinetics of Complex Reactions : reversible (first order in both directions), concurrent, consecutive
reactions. Unimolecular gas reactions (Lindmann theory), steady-state approximations, theory of
absolute reaction rate and its thermodynamical formulation, temperature dependence of frequency factor,
numerical problems.
8

layer
Sols
gels.
6

Books Recommended
1.

“Physical Chemistry”, P. C. Rakshit, 5th Edition (1985), 4th Reprint (1997), Sarat Book House,
Calcutta.

2.

“Principles of Physical Chemistry”, B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, and M. S. Pathania, 37th Edition
(1998), Shoban Lal Nagin Chand & Co., Jalandhar.

3. “Physical Chemistry”, K. J. Laidler and J. M. Meiser, 3rd Edition, Houghton Mifflin Comp., New
York, International Edition (1999).