rEmjdyskS cd;sl mdi, wOHdmksl jevigyk
ridhk úoHdj - fN!;sl ridhkh

fufyhùu
ridhk úoHd foaYl

iqrxch .ï,;a'
nyqjrK m;%h
(1) ñksrka, oshuka;s njg mßj¾;kh lsÍfïoS isÿ jk tka;e,ams m¾hdih iïu; ;;a;aj hgf;aoS +3 kJmol-1 fõ.
fuu ls%hdj,sh yd iïnkaO my; m%ldY i,lkak.
(a) osshuka;sj, iïu; ;+lrK tka;e,amsh .%e*hsÜj, iïu; ;+lrK tka;e,amshg jvd l=vd fõ.
(b) .%e*hsÜj, wvx.= C-C nkaOkfha nkaOk Yla;sh osshuka;sj, wvx.= C-C nkaOkfha nkaOk Yla;shg jvd
úYd,h.
(c) osshuka;sj, iïu; oyk tka;e,amsh .%e*hsÜj, iïu; oyk tka;e,amshg jvd úYd,h.
by; m%ldY w;ßka ksjeros jkafka
(1) a muKs.
(2) c muKs.
(3) a yd b muKs.

(4) a yd c muKs.

(5) a,b, c ish,a,u.

(2) my; olajd we;s moaO;s w;rska by<u iajdrlaIl Odrs;dj fmkajk moaO;sh l=ulao?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

0.2 moldm-3 CH3COOH iy 0.2 moldm-3 CH3COONa
0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH iy 0.5 moldm-3 CH3COONa
0.5 moldm-3 CH3COOH iy 0.5 moldm-3 CH3COONa
0.1 moldm-3 NH4OH iy 0.5 moldm-3 NH4Cl
0.1 moldm-3 NH4OH iy 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH

(3) 250C oS Cl- whk j,g idfmalaIj idkaøKh 2 x 10-3 moldm-3 jQo, CrO4 2- whk j,g idfmalaIj idkaøKh 1 x 10-3
moldm-3 jQo ødjKhlska 50 cm3 lg idkaøKh 1 x 10-4 moldm-3 jk AgNO3 ødjK 50 cm3 la tla lsÍfïoS isÿ jk
oE iïnkaO my; l=uk j.ka;sh i;H fõo?
250C oS AgCl j, ødjH;d .=Ks;h
= 1.2 x 10 -10 mol2dm-6
250C oS Ag2CrO4 j, ødjH;d .=Ks;h = 1.6 x 10 -12 mol3dm-9
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

AgCl yd Ag2CrO4 hk ixfhda. folu tl jr wjlafIam fõ.
AgCl fyda Ag2CrO4 hk ixfhda. foflka tllaj;a wjlafIam fkdfõ.
Ag2CrO4 muKla wjlafIam fõ.
AgCl muKla wjlafIam fõ.
AgCl m<uqj wjlafIam jk w;r Ag2CrO4 fojkqj wjlafIam fõ.

(4) ú,Sk KCl, ir, Odrdjla Ndú;fhka i,lk ,o ld,hla ;=, ñksrka bf,lafg%dav fhdod úoHq;a úÉfPaokh l<
w;r tysoS lef;davh wi< ksê.; jQ fmdgEishï ialkaOh 11.7 g úh. ú,Sk Al2O3 , ñksrka bf,lafg%dav fhdod
f.k fmr lS ir, Odrdju fhdod .ksñka tu ld,h ;=,u úoHq;a úÉfPaokh lf<a kï tysoS lef;davh wi<
ksê.; jk we¨ñkshï ialkaOh fldmuKo? (K yd Al j, id.m.ia. ms<sfj,ska 39 yd 27 fõ)
(1) 8.1 g

(2) 2.7 g

(3) 11.7 g

(4) 5.4 g

(5) 10.8 g

(5) 250C oS idkaøKh 0.10 mol dm-3 jk H2S c,Sh ødjKhl H2S wdxYsl ú>gkfhka we;s jk S2- whk idkaøKh
fldmuK oehs .Kkh lrkak. 250C oS H2S ys ka1 = 1.1 x 10-7 mol dm-3 , ka2 = 1.0 x 10-14 mol dm-3 .
(1) 1 x 10-4 mol dm-3
(5) 1.1 x 10-18 mol dm-3

(2) 1 x 10-7 mol dm-3

(3) 1.1 x 10-9 mol dm-3

(4) 1 x 10-14 mol dm-3

(6)

250C oS HA kï ÿn, wï,fha ú>gk ksh;h 4 x 10-9 mol dm-3 fõ. tu WIaK;ajfhau mj;sk idkaøKh
0.1 mol dm-3 jk NaA ødjKhl OH- whk idkaøKh fldmuK oehs .Kkh lrkak. 250C oS c,fha
kw = 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6
(1) 1 x 10-7 mol dm-3
(4) 2 x 10-3 mol dm-3

(2) 2 x 10-5 mol dm-3
(5) 2.5 x 10-6 mol dm-3

(3) 5 x 10-4 mol dm-3

(7) C(s) ys iïu; W!¾Ojmd;k tka;e,amsh
H-H nkaOkfha iïu; nkaOk ú>gk tka;e,amsh
CH4 (g) ys iïu; W;amdok tka;e,amsh

=
=
=

+700 kJmol-1
+435 kJmol-1
- 75 kJmol-1

by; o;a; Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka CH4 (g) ys iïu; úfhdack tka;e,amsh .Kkh l< úg ,efnk w.h jkafka
(1) +411.25 kJmol-1 (2) +1645 kJmol-1

(3) -1645 kJmol-1 (4) +1210 kJmol-1

(5) +1495 kJmol-1

(8)tla;rd ridhksl m%;sl%shdjl fõ. ks¾K mshjr 2A
B + C f,i wkdjrKh lr f.k we; .
-3
A ys idkaøKh 0.30 mol dm jk úg m%;sl%shd fõ.h r mol dm-3s-1 fõ.
A ys idkaøKh 0.10 mol dm-3 jk úg m%;sl%shd fõ.h mol dm-3s-1 j,ska ,
(1) 0.11 r

(2) 0.33 r

(3) 0.66 r

(4) 9 r

(5) r

(9)P yd Q hkq rjq,a kshuhg tlÕj yeisfrk ødjK idok øj folls. P ys ix;Dma; jdIam mSvkh Q ys
ix;Dma; jdIam mSvkhg jvd jeäh. P yd Q ñY%Khl XP yd XQ hkq øj-jdIam iu;=,s;;dj we;s jQ
miq øj l,dmh ;=, P yd Q j, ujq, Nd. jk w;r, YP yd YQ hkq jdIam l,dmh ;=, P yd Q j,
ujq, Nd.h. XP = XQ kï my; m%ldY w;ßka fuu moaO;sh ms<sn|j ksjeros jkafka
(1) XP >YP iy XQ< YQ
(4) XP > YQ iy XQ> YP

(2) XP < YQ iy XQ< YP
(5) XP <YP iy XQ< YQ

(3) XP > YQ iy XQ> YQ

(10)A jdhqj 400K WIaK;ajfha we;s w;r B jdhqj mj;skafka 200K WIaK;ajfhah. B jdhqfõ fu!,sl
ialkaOh, A jdhqfõ fu!,sl ialkaOh fuka fo.=Khla fõ kï,
A jdhq wKqjl j¾. uOHkH uQ, m%fõ.h : B jdhq wKqjl j¾. uOHkH uQ, m%fõ.h, hk wkqmd;h
jkafka
(1) 1 : 1

(2) 1: 2

(3) 1 : 3

(4) 1: 4

(5) 4 : 1

rpkd m%Yak
1.(a) 250C oS A yd B bf,lafg%dav iïnkaO lr idod .;a my; fldaIh u; fuu Wm fldgfia m%Yak
mokï ù we;'

A bf,lafg%davfha iïu; TlaisyrK úNjh (EƟ)

=

-0.76 V

B bf,lafg%davfha iïu; TlaisyrK úNjh (EƟ)

=

+1.33 V

(i)

B bf,lafg%davfha Pt ;yvqj iu. .efgñka mj;sk ødjKfha Cr3+, Cr2O72- yd H+ hk whk
;=ku 1 moldm-3 jQ idkaøK j,ska mj;S' S iaúph jeiSug fmr B bf,lafg%davfha isÿ jk
w¾O fldaI m%;sl%shdj i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKhla bosßm;a lrkak'

(ii)

B bf,lafg%davh ;=, wvx.= Pt ;yvqfõ ld¾h Nd¾h myokak'

(iii)

B bf,lafg%davh ;=, wvx.= ødjKfha isÿ lrk my; úm¾hdi tys iïu; bf,lafg%dav úNjh
flfrys ljr n,mEula we;s lrhso?
1. ødjKfha Cr2O72- idkaøKh by< kexùu
2. ødjKfha Cr3+ idkaøKh my; fy,Su

(iv)

S iaúph jeiQ miq ljr bf,lafg%davh wefkdavh f,i l%shd lrkafka oehs olajd tkhska fldaIh
l%shd;aul ùfïoS Odrdj .uka .kakd osYdj wfmdayKh lrkak '

(v)

fldaIh l%shd;aul ùfïoS isÿ jk
1. wefkdav m%;sl%shdj
2.lef;dav m%;sl%shdj
3.iuia: fldaI m%;sl%shdj, i|yd ;=,s; ridhksl iólrK bosßm;a lrkak'

(vi)

by; i|yka fldaIh IUPAC l%uhg ksrEmkh lr, fldaIh ls%hd;aul jk wjia:dfõoS úoHq;a
.dul n,h .Kkh lrkak'

(b) tla;rd WIaK;ajhloS AgCl j, ødjH;d .=Ks;h 1.7 x 10-10 mol2dm-6 fõ. fuu WIaK;ajfhaoS
idkaøKh 1 moldm-3 jk wefudakshd ødjKhla ;=, AgCl j, ødjH;dj moldm-3 j,ska .Kkh
lrkak. (Ag+ whk wefudakshd ødjKhla ;=,oS, Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq)
[Ag (NH3)2] + (aq) hk
iu;=,s;hg Ndckh jk w;r fuu iu;=,s;h i|yd by; lS WIaK;ajfhaoS iu;=,s;;d ksh;h
1.6 x 107 mol-2dm6 fõ. )
by; .Kkh lsÍfïoS Tn isÿ lrk Wml,amk fõ kï tajd bosßm;a lrkak.
wjidkfha ,efnk ødjKfha Ag+ whk idkaøKho .Kkh lrkak.

2.(a) CH3CH2COOH yd CH2Cl CH2COOH hk ÿn, wï,j, pKa w.hka 250C oS ms<sfj,ska
4.9 yd 4.1 ne.ska fõ. fuu w.hkao Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka CH3CH2COOH yd CH2Cl CH2COOH
hk ÿn, wï, fol iïnkaOfhka my; wid we;s Wm fldgia j,g ms<s;=re imhkak.
250C oS c,fha Kw = 1 x 10-14 mol2dm-6 fõ.
(i)
(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(b)

(c)

250C oS idkaøKh 0.1 moldm-3 jk CH3CH2COOH ødjKhl yd idkaøKh 0.1 moldm-3 jk
CH2Cl CH2COOH ødjKhl H+ whk idkaøKh .Kkh lrkak.
by; ms<s;=r Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka fuu wï, fol w;ßka jvd m%n, wï,h l=ula oehs
ks.ukh lrkak. Tfí ms<s;=r tu wï, foflys jHqy wdOdr lr .ksñka ;j ÿrg;a
meyeos,s lrkak.
CH3CH2COONa c,Sh ødjKhla Niauhla f,i yeisfrkafka flfia oehs meyeos,s lrkak.
CH3CH2COOH ys Ka , CH3CH2COO- ys Kb yd c,fha Kw w;r iïnkaO;dj ksrEmkh
flfrk iólrKhla jHq;amkak lrkak.
by; (iii) fldgfiys Tn jHq;amkak l< iólrKho wdOdr lr .ksñka idkaøKh
0.1 moldm-3 jk CH3CH2COONa c,Sh ødjKhl pH w.h .Kkh lrkak.

(i)

idkaøKh 0.1 moldm-3 jk CH3CH2COOH ødjK 75 cm3 la iu. idkaøKh 0.1 moldm-3
jk NaOH ødjK 25 cm3 ñY% lsÍfuka 250C oS iajdrlaIl ødjKhla ms<sfh, lr .kq
,efí. fuu iajdrlaIl ødjKfha pH w.h yd CH3CH2COOH ys pka iïnkaO flfrk
iólrKhla jHq;amkak lrkak.

(ii)

250C oS CH3CH2COOH ys pKa = 4.9 f,i f.k by; i|yka lr we;s iajdrlaIl
moaO;sfha pH w.h .Kkh lrkak.

(iii)

by; iajdrlaIl moaO;sh ;kql lsÍfïoS iajdrlaIl l%shdj olajkafka flfia oehs meyeos,s
lrkak. fuu meyeos,s lsÍu i|yd Tn Wmfhda.S lr .kakd kshuh l=ulao?
250C oS Mn2+ whk idkaøKh 0.40 mol dm-3 jk c,Sh ødjK 1 dm3 ;=,ska H2S jdhqj nqnq,kh lsÍfuka
ødjKfha H2S idkaøKh 0.10 mol dm-3 olajd f.k tkq ,efí. fuu ;;a;aj hgf;aoS ødjKfha we;s
Mn2+ whk MnS f,i wjlafIam fõ oehs iqÿiq .Kkh lsÍula u.ska fmkajd fokak .
250C oS H2S ys ka1
= 1.1 x 10-7 mol dm-3 , ka2 = 1.0 x 10-14 mol dm-3 .
250C oS MnS ys ksp
= 1.4 x 10-15 mol2 dm-6