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Design Example

Raw Water Source

Water Quality

Raw

Water

Source

The various sources of water can be classified

into two categories:

1. Surface sources, such as
a. Ponds and lakes;
b. Streams and rivers;
c. Storage reservoirs; and
d. Oceans, generally not used for water supplies, at present.
2. Subsurface sources or underground sources, such as
a. Springs;
b. Infiltration
wells ;and
c. Wells

and Tubewe||s.

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The raw or treated water
chemical and bacteriological
Physical

is analysed by testing
characteristics:

Characteristics:

Turbidity
Colour
Taste and Odour

Temperature
Chemical

Characteristics:

pH

Acidity
Alkalinity
Hardness

Chlorides
Sulphates

their

physical,

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IQ