ONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY maintenance & CODE counse PROGRAMME CREDIT uNrr ECM417 CONSTRUCTIONTECHNOLOG-Y& MAINTENANCE Bsc (Hons)CIVlL(lnfrastructure) 2.0 CONTACT HOURS2HRSIWEEK (LEc'ruRE) PART PRE-REQUISITE 04 :NlL N forconstructio "ks(tre°h3upP°rt sorts«m+Pro:ectReport COURSE OUTCOME At the end of this course, student should be able to:- Explain the various construction processes in construction of building, infrastructures and maintenance.(PO2) Choose and explain suitable construction plants, equipment and machineries used in construction processes and maintenance works.(PO6) Analyze various techniques and problems in construction processes, infrastructure services and maintenance works.(PO6) Show the ability to explain the new technology for sustainable development in the construction indust including infrastructure services and maintenanc works. (P10) SYNOPSIS This course covers basic construction techniques, equipments, plants and methods used in construction. This is to enable the students to understand the construction methods, techniques and plants adopted at the site and the considerations made in selecting them LESSON Week Topics PLAN Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 1 Introduction to the construction systems Stages for construction: Building Identify the various divisions in construction industry, i.e., vertical construction and horizontal construction. (CO1) Identify setting out works involve in building construction, i.e., site clearing, setting out and establishthe building datum level. (CO1) Identify the accommodations, storage and security requirementsduring the building construction stage. (CO1) Describe the detail building stagesinvolved during the building construction process.(CO1) 2 LESSON PLAN WeekTopics Learning Outcomes Lectu Hours 2 Stages for construction: Retaining Wall Stages for construction: Drainage - Identify the different types of retaining walls and their respective functions. (CO1; CO3) Identify the functions of various subsoil drainage system. (C01; C03) 2 A Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 3 Stages for construction: Road & Highway Identify the different types of road and highways and their respective functions. (C01; C03) Stages for construction: Bridges Identify the functions of Various bridges. (CO 1; CO3) 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 4 Stages for construction: Airports Identify the different types of airports and their respective functions. (C01; C03) Stages for construction: Identify the functions of Various offshore structure. (C01; C03) Off-shore structure 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lectur Hours 5 Stagesfor maintenance Works: Buildings Identify the different types of maintenance works for buildingsand their respective functions.(CO 1; CO3) Stagesfor maintenance Works: Identify the different types of maintenance works for roadsand their respective functions.(CO 1; CO3) Roads 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 6 Construction plants 2 Principles and factors of plant Describe the principles and factors of plant selections. (C01; C02; C03) selections Types, 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 7 Construction plants : - Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of stationary machines. 2 Types, functions, (CO2;CO3)_ CaPab111t1¬S and - Identifythetypes,functions,capabilities Saleemof andselections of compaction machines. stationary and Eiiliargyn - Identify thetypes, functions, capabilities Types, fuI°1CtiOnS, andselections of liftingmachines. (CO2; capabilities and selection of lifting machines. C03)- Week Learning Outcomes Topics Temporary works : Function, types and construction formwork of Identify the functions of formworks. (C01; C03) Explain the requirementsof a good formwork. (CO3) Identify the suitable materials and their advantages/disadvantages for formworks. (C03; C04) Temporary works : Function, types and construction of -Scaffolding -Shoring Identify Varioustypes and functions of scaffolding and shoring. (C01; C03) Identify the suitable materials and their advantages/disadvantages for scaffolding and shoring. (C03; C04) Lecture Hours 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Temporary Works : Function, types and construction of Trench Support System -Underpinning selections of trench support system and Lecture Hours underpinning. (C01; C03) Identifythe Various and functions of trench Describe factorstypes affecting the method of support system and underpinning. (C01; C03) 2 Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 10 Permanent work -Reinforced Concrete Technology Describe the different betweenplain and reinforced concrete.(CO1) Identify the elementsof reinforced structuresand their respective functions. (C01; C03) Permanent Work - Precast Concrete Explain the benets of precasttechnology over traditional construction method. (C01; C03; C04) Identify Varioustypes and functions of precast system.(C03; C04) Permanent Work - Piling - Brick laying Explain Varioustypes, functions and factors of selectionsfor piling. (C01; C03) Explain the denition, classications, types and processof bricks. (C01; C03) Identify the Varioustypes of brickworks bonding, dampnessprotections and anchorage.(C01; C03) 2 SON Week Topics _AN Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 11 LatestTechnology Explainthe latesttechnology, i.e.IBS, GreenBuildingand IBS Green Construction. (CO1; CO3) GREEN BUILDING GREEN Explain the functions and factors of selections that techniques (CO1; CO3) 2 CONSTRUCTION 12 Latest Technology Trenchless Technology Ground Improvement Submit Project Explain the latest technology, i.e. Trenchless Technology and Ground improvement. (CO1; CO3) Explain the functions and factors of selectionsthat techniques(CO 1; CO3) 2 SS N Week Topics Learning Outcomes Lecture Hours 13 2 Presentation of proj ect/assignment Group Presentation 14 2 Presentation of proj ect/assignment IMPORTANT DATE é?Test 1: 25l2l2011;8-10pm;Dewan $3Test 2: 8l4I2011;8-10pm;Dewan it Presentation: Week i? Assignment 1: G: Week 5, S: Week 7 @ Ass ignment2: G: Week 9, S: Week 11 £3Project: G: Week 7, S: Week 12 13/14 $3RECOMMENDED TEXT Roy, C. and Roger, G. (1999). Construction Technology 3rd Edition. Longman Scientic and Technical, United Kingdom ti?REFERENCES TEXT Roy, C. (1989). Construction Technology Vol. 1,2,3 & 4. Longman Scientic & Technical, United Kingdom lllingworth, J.R. (2000). Construction Methods and Planning. E & FN Spon, United kingdom Kamaruddin, K. (2002). Construction Technology l. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, unpublished Introduct ion to the onstruction System LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of week 1 lectures, student will be able to : Identify the Various groups in construction industry, i.e., Vertical construction and horizontal construction. (CO1) CONSTRUCTION IN CIVIL EN ') construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of inftastritetute. Far from being a single aetivity , large scale construction is a feat of muttitasldng. Normally the job is managed by the eroiect managet and supervised by the censtmetion eonstructton manager, engineer, or breject architect. ') For the successful exeeuttenof a bteject, effective manning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the envttonmental émbaet of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, availability of materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by eonstruetion detays, brebarin tender documents, 1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY a. Conventional or Traditional method b. Modern or Industrialized methods ') Interlock ing brick Timber composite NJ: LVL Densified board Prefabricated I-joists with laminated veneer lumber flanges and structural panel webs. (A) a hardboard web (B) oriented strandboard and (C) plywood webs. ') Polymercompositein the construction of the bridge Fiber reinforced polymer bridge Polymer deck panel f&# 9 steel/RP plates, rods or bolts are bonded into timber with high strength adhesives to produce concealed timber connecons. Bonded-in rod 2. EQUIPMENT -) & Function, types, capabilities and selection INTRODUCTION Discipline in Construction Industry ')Technical aspect ')Construction methods CONSTRUCTION Divided 1.Bui|din INDUSTRY into :Vertical Construction Buildings and heavy construction CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 2. Civil Engineering Horizontal construction ® Highways 0 Airports S Railroads 8 Bridges 3 Canals 0 Dams 9 Other major public works % Different construction technique, technologies and equipments Glulam beams TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION . In general, there are three types of construction: '9Building construction '9Heavy/civil construction ')lndustriai construction Each type of construction project requires a unique team to plan, design, construct, and maintain the project. CONSTRUCTION PEOPLE BUILDING TEAM 9 Building Owner 9 Architect 9 Clerk of Works 9 Quantitysurveyor 9 Consultingengineers 9 Main Contractor 9 Siteagent BUILDING TEAM 9 Estimator 9 Buyer 9 Accountant 9 Administrator 9 Assistancecontractmanager 9 Nominated sub contractor 9 Domestic sub contractor 9 Operatives OWNER Owner is the people that have exclusive rights and control over property. Owner can be:- Government (biggest owner in Malaysia) Private sector Cooperate sector Individual Developer AGENCIES IN MINISTRY ;NLEMBAGAV y§LEBHHRAmA OF CONSULTANT ii? E13? iii? A consultant is a professional who provides advice in a particular area of expertise. A consultant is usually an expert or a professional in a specific eld and has a wide knowledge of the subject matter. A consultant usually Works for a consultancy firm or is self-employed, and engageswith multiple and changing clients. The biggest construction consultant in Malaysia is J KR JKR core business Consulting services °Pr0j eet management services °Maintenanee management services JKR SECTORS Infrastructure Airport & Port Unit Road Unit Slope Unit Building General building unit Healthy Works unit Education unit Security unit i3 Specialized Engineering Mechanical unit Electrical unit Contract and QS Specialized unit Environmental Architect unit unit CONTACTOR Contractor may refer to: Organization or individual that contracts with another organization or individual (the owner) for the construction of a building, road or other facility. Contractor can be: Main contractor Sub contractor License contractor CLASS OF CONTRACTOR A B More than RM 10,000,000 RM 5,000,001 C RM 2,000,001 D RM 500,001 E F IN RM 200,001 to RM 10,000,000 to RM 5,000,000 to RM 2,000,000 to RM 500,000 to RM 200,000 Heading I Civil Engineering Heading II Building Works Heading HI Mechanical, Sanitaryand WaterEngineering Works Works Heading IV Heading V Other Specialist Civil Engineering Works Quarrying MetalandEarthSupply, Cartage and Transport Heading VI Forest and Land Development Heading VIII Telecommunication Works In general (differs from small to big project):- >Recognizingtheneedfor theproject >Deterrniningthe technicalandfinancialfeasibility >Preparingdetailplans,specifications andcost eSm.@®NST§UCT|ON ova rom regulatoryagenciessuchas >Obt in n a é)ns, building codes and environmental. Needs, idea, conceptual design, financial and legal considerations. >>Details design,budgetingandcontractdocument. >Tendering,projectoffer andconstructionworks Stages for construction Building Retaining walls, Drainage Road, Highway, Bridges Airports, Offshore/Marine structure Stages for construction Building BUILDING WEEK 1 At the end of Week l lectures, student will be able to : -Identify setting out works involve in building construction, i.e., site clearing, setting out and establish the building datum level. (CO1) -identify the accommodations,storageand security requirements during the building construction stage. (CO1) -describe the detail building stagesinvolved during the building construction process. (CO1) BUILDING . Site works and setting out 2. Accommodation, storage and security 3. Detail building stages 1. SITE WORKS AND SE3l:FlNGGH'l' Contractors responsibility after being given possession and site layout plan and detail drawings necessary Commencing tasks: a. Clearing the site b. Setting out the building 0. Establishing a datum level LEVELING The land surveyor will survey peg for drain, pipes, cables and main sewerage reatment plant (MSTP), also the road complying with the abatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS), Land SUWBVOY determine t OGL CLEARING THE SITE tie? May invo|ve:% % Demolition of existing buildings (by experienced contractor) Grubbing out bushes and tress (by manual or mechanical means, or by specialist for the large tress) l Removal of soil to reduce levels following to Building Regulation C1 (sterilize the top 300 mm to contain plant life and decaying vegetation) Topography of the site and some common site material on Removal of tree trunks Grubbing of trees , shrubs and roots learing wor k C a r:rl E d 0 U It EX Ca V a t0 r he a D..mQ U 0 D. S 0 D. LIL operation A) SITE BOUNDARY The surveyor must to determine the site boundary of the , construction areato avoid trespassto the another construction area. SETTING 1. Establish OUT a base THE line from SITE which the whole of the building can be set out. % Marked on site clearly so that it can be reestablished at any time @ Using steel tape (30 meters and not stretchable is more suitable) Marked each corner with a stout peg @ @ Check on the right angle and correct lengths (advisable using different method) TYPICAL BUILDER SQUARE SETTING OUT AND H Cmuafnrmww Trtkiremzagy II$ut1'nnm an: Iinu Suuam an: M1533 ac :13 J 5al.1irIg outJIM aafl-I-and , L5 0 xanmrnm past rm! lmlrcfurs 5q1lll'I Yasewnasa anriglll n=1gIuaa swivel up imli Incorner pm-15 Plumb and V Cslmnl phat 1!; Slalm «-I! : lwi (mine: past 3-4-5nimgla ruIuinll1 hfFylllugnilsi : .1.MT___T__M.r__[.__._.. Frnéa I H? Dalum pm E-W"'= -~Main sllgrm ling: \ I I I-I I I I H I L l-WM Elna | H I llurbdilsry SETTING 2. OUT THE SITE Set up profile board-after the main building lines tt Should set up clear of the foundations trench positions to locate the trench, foundations and walls Required at all trench and wall intersections TYPICAL PROFILE BOARD ESTABLISHING A DATUM .|=E¥E.|=____________________ @All levels in a building are taken from a fixed point called a datum rshould establish after the setting out and related to ordnance arrow with benchmark a horizontal mark above the arrow ?§Thecenterline of the horizontal being the actual survey level maps indicated on an ordnance SLOPING SITES Three methods in reducing |eve|s:Cut and Fill - usual method, the amount of cut will equal the amount of fill Cut Advantages of having undisturbed soil over the site, but having disadvantages of cost of removing the spoil from the site Fill Not to be recommended, deep foundation would be needed, the risk of settlement amount of fill should be limited to 600 and the mm SLOPING SITES ACCOMMOD STORAGE AND SECURITY ACCOMMODATION Regulations 1996 (Health, safety and welfare) Requirements defers due to numbers of site workers and duration of contract Staff accommodations usually:Sectional timber huts * Mobile caravan or cabins Facilities provided:First aid, stretcher ambulance, first aid room, shelter and clothing, meals room, washing facilities and sanitary facilities STORAGE Type of storage depend on:Durability Vulnerability to damage % Vulnerability to theft Examples. 5' Cement and plaster (in bag form) dry store free from moist air '3 Aggregates and sand clean rm base, separate different materials and grade, Watch on moisture content '3 Bricks and blocks stacked in stable piles, covered adequately SECURITY AND ~14 ¢~|v~ ~|r~lr 4' To defines limit of site and acts as a deterrent trespasser or thief To provide a physical barrier or visual barrier Should start at the beginning of construction Type depend on degree of security, cost, neighborhood and duration of contract At least 1.8m high Minimum barrier number of access Standard fences BS 1722 and with lockable to TYPICAL Tl IV,J I FENCING If DETAILS CHAIN LINK FENCE ~ L = E-If?! E3 WITH CLOSE BOARDED FENCE C-f:nrnmaI:»r;s at » ml 15:3r:1iF$ SECURITY AND ER()IE(;I|()|§|_EE|§|(;|N3Gtkllxlcences of barrierserected adjacent to a hihway or pubiic footpath Prevent unauthorized persons obtaining access to site and protect pubiic from dust and noise Necessary to obtain written permission from the local authority to erect a hoarding (Highways Act 1980) HOARDINGS Two forms: - Vertical hoardings Qa series of closed boarded panels securely fixed to resist wind load and accidental impact load GCan be free standing or fixed by stays by the external walls of an existing building Fan hoardings 0 To protect persons from falling objects 0 Place at a level above the normal traffic height and ensure any falling debris is directed back towards the building or scaffold TYPICAL FREE STANDING TYPICAL FAN HOARDING Z4 iglrsrksrtuirfem"Hr;-!r.LmI1r;gj' ..M Night warning Ii!.g|'I~lH F-anula t:I.u'I=&lr'C.sv31E£l I. of 1|J|J as, 512! £«!l.4x|1..,- 5 railyam:rmgglns Li-21419:;-Lwir>.» n:(n,~aar\se[§ withclam: |!2I0~:l.Nt!inf,; mr I"I|1IE!1li*l|:l--~«w Guam r- mu mu timlum !s'arIIL:J:£rr painwd wlaiisz Paving "v, slabs {hi remtwnd § El , ll « Fuutway 22:1 1!: gmaxds L] . ,;, un125«a sun jn:-ials sex -15%] W ; war Typlcnl Irnmxfmdlng vunizdlmamiiam s~ $1435.45; Iximrdmrt -uaEihllltd BUILDING STAGES *_ ")Excavation and timbering 9Foundations ')Concrete floors ')Reinforcedconcrete frames 9Roofs ')Brickwork 9|nterna| fixtures and ')lnsu|ation ')Plumbing and wiring EXCAVATION AN D @Before a foundation can be laid, it is necessaryto excavate a trench of the required depth and width (by hand or mechanical excavator) Timbering term usedto cover temporary supports to the side of excavations and is sometimes called planking and struttin ¬15? Type and amount weather conditions depend on the depth, nature of subsoil, and duration TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF TRENCH _______ \\Q- V: V %}Sight|inejw§ Li$iiQhLtL%%Vra%i%|%p|aLCed % "31 * aknown heightT(cou4|id_ j beP*°fi|eb°ard) V M? Depth 0f fOun"datioh V . V " 1 \', I.;\/Jrf/} I V I \\.v \V I 7\~ LevelIingpegsremoveaas f foundation4Lis%laid V 7 TRENCH EXCAVATION FOUNDATIONS Foundation is the base on which a building rests and its purpose is to safely transfer the load of a building to suitable subsoil Building regulations :Safely sustain and submit to the ground the combined dead and imposed loads so as not to imposed any settlement or other movement in any part of the building or of any adjoining buildings or Works Be a such a depth, or be so constructed, as to avoid any damageby swelling, shrinkage or freezing of the subsoil Be capable of resisting attack by deleterious material, s sulphates,in the subsoil