Chapter 2. Building Materials & Finishes
Context

& Character

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The architectural forms and styles in Salt Lake&#39;s

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historic

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residential neighborhoods
in a variety

are usually

carefully

articulated

of primary

building

materials. These materials are generally

of high decorative and structural quality, durable
and usually resistant to premature deterioration
if

understood

and

cared for

through

basic

maintenance.

Brick and wood siding are typical primary building
materials. Stone and adobe were also used, although
adobe frequently

was stuccoed or clad with

clapboard siding. Terracotta and cast masonry were
used for decorative detailing. Concrete and concrete
block were also increasingly used as the 20th
century progressed. While wood siding occurred
in a variety of forms, painted, horizontal clapboard
and novelty siding were the most popular. A variety
of lap proles were used.
In each case, the distinct

characteristics

of the

primary building materials, including the scale of
the material unit, its texture and nish, contribute to

the historic character of a building. These materials
may form the external structural wall or may be the
external cladding system. Contrasting materials,
colors or textures are often employed for decorative

Historic architecturein the city makes
decorativeuseof a rich paletteof
materials,colorsandnishes.

detail and embellishment in the form of framing for
doors and windows

or belt courses.

The best way to preserve historic building materials
is

through

wellplanned

maintenance. Wood

surfacesshould be protected with a good application
of paint. Both wood and masonry should be kept
dry by preventing leaks from roofs and guttering
washing over the surface and also by maintaining
positive drainage away from foundations, such that
ground moisture does not rise through the wall.
A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

PART II

2 :1

PART II Design Guidelines
Typical historic building materials
in Salt Lake City
WoodSiding

In some cases,historic building materials may have

lllllll
Clapboard

Drop or Novelty

deteriorated. Horizontal surfaces such as chimneys,
sills, and parapet copings are most likely to show
the most deterioration because they are more
Shingle

exposed to weather and are more likely to hold
water for longer periods.

Masonry Wall Patterns

When

H:m::?:rEl
I-:i::u::J

%P:iElu%
C:

material

deterioration
after

has occurred, repair

addressing

any

other

the

related

problems that might be the cause. In most cases
damaged materials can be patched or consolidated.
In other situations, however, some portions of
the material may be beyond repair. In such a case
replacement will be required. With primary historic

EICZIIII

building materials, the new material should match
the original if feasible. If wood siding had been

CTEJCI
English Brick

C1121

Flemish Brick

American Stretcher

used historically, for example, the replacement also
should be wood. In the case of primary materials,
replacement in kind is relatively easy because these
materials are readily available and are of high
quality.
It is important,

however, that the extent of

replacement materials be minimized, because the
original materials contribute to the authenticity and
integrity of the property as a historic resource. Even
when the replacement material exactly matches
that of the original, the integrity of a historic
building is to some extent compromised with the
loss of original or early materials. This is because
the original material exhibits a record of the labor
and craftsmanship of an earlier time and this is lost
when it is replaced. Original materials also help to
define the authenticity, integrity, and help to convey
the age, maturity and patina of the building.
Original materialsareessentialto the integrity
of a building and conveya senseof authenticity
and maturity.

It is also important to recognize that all materials
will

weather

over

weathered nish

time

and

that

a scarred

or

does not represent an inferior

material or structural problems, but simply reects
the age and maturity of the building. This patina
of age is a tangible and distinct characteristic of
any historic building or neighborhood. In some
respects they acquire the wisdom that comes with
longstanding experience. Preserving original
materials that show signs of wear and age is
therefore preferred to their replacement. Cleaning
methods, specically abrasive, high pressure and
chemical cleaning, can severely damage or destroy
primary building materials, and in general should
be avoided.

Design Objective
Primary

historic

preserved
material

building

materials

in place whenever
is damaged,

then

should

feasible.
limited

When the

replacement,

matching the original, may be considered.
building

materials

should

never

be

Primary

be covered

or

subjected to harsh cleaning treatments.
General

2.1 Primary historic building materials should be
retained in place whenever feasible.
0

Limit replacement to those materials that
cannot be repaired.

0

l/Vhen the material is damaged beyond repair,
match the original wherever feasible.

0

Covering historic building materials with new
materials

0

should

be avoided.

Avoid any harsh cleaning treatments, since
these may causepermanent damage to the
material.

Thevariety of brick and siding, thecolor variation, patterns
and textures,createa rich visual experienceand help to
establisha senseof humanscale.

A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

PART II

2 :3

PART II Design Guidelines
Masonry
Masonry includes a range of solid construction
materials. The following guidelines apply to the
masonry surfaces, features, and details of historic
buildings

in

the city&#39;s
designated residential

districts.

Masonry in its many forms is one of the most
important

characterdening

features

of

a

traditional building. Brick, stone, adobe, terracotta,
ceramics, stucco, cast articial

stone, and concrete

are typical masonry construction materials used
across the city, reecting its sequence of settlement
and development, as well as personal means and
architectural style. Masonry materials of various
types exist as walls, cornices, pediments, steps,
chimneys, foundations,

and functional

and/or

decorative building features and details.
In a brick wall, the particular size of brick used
and the manner

in which

it is laid

is a distinctive

characteristic. Similarly, the pattern or bond in
the construction of a brick or stone wall helps to
establish its character. This pattern combines with
the choice and nature of the material, the choice of

cut, rough and/or dressed stone, to create a unique
physical and visual character.
Masonry is usually comprised of the masonry unit,
e.g. the individual brick of stone, and the medium
used to bind these units, e.g. the mortar, each with
a mutually supporting role. The pattern used to lay

Bricorlends
itelftoanendless
variety

thebrick(thebond)is directly
inuenced
by the

ofcreative
architectural
compositions
with

hardness,
C0101.
thickness
andproleof themortar

associated
decorativerelief and textures.

coursing with which it is laid. Historically, a soft
mortar was used. In postwar years the use of a
harder brick was matched by a harder mortar. The
mortar should always be softer than the brick or the
stone.

2 :4

PART II

Salt LakeCity

Chapter 2. Building Materials 8: Finishes
In earlier masonry buildings, a soft mortar was
used, which employed a high ratio of lime. (Little,
if any, Portland cement was used.) This soft mortar
was usually laid with a ner joint than we see
today. The inherent color of the material was also an
important characteristic; mortars would be mixed
using sand colors to match or contrast with the
brick.

The size of the bricks

contributed

to the sense

of scale of the wall and building, expressed by the
prole and color of the mortar joints; both express
a range of construction patterns or brick bonds.
When repointing such walls, it is important to use a
mortar mix that approximates the original in color,
texture and strength.
Most

contemporary

mortars

are

harder

in

composition than those used historically. They
should not be used in mortar repairs because this
stronger material is often more durable than the
brick itself, causing the brick to fracture or spall
during movement or moisture evaporation/freezing.
When a wall moves during the normal changes in
seasonand temperatures, the brick units themselves
can be damaged and spalling of the brick surface
can OCC11I.

Normally,

moisture within

the wall should be

able to evaporate through the softer (sacricial)
mortar course, requiring repointing after a number
of years. Where the mortar is harder than the brick,

waterevaporates
throughthe brick,damagingand

BiCkw0kr
mcluding
the507md"TOVW

destroying
its harder
surface.
If moisture
in the

joint width and prole, may bean essential

Compommtofthe
architectumlchamcte

brick freezes, it accelerates the deterioration.

2.2 Traditional masonry surfaces, features, details
and textures

0

should

be retained.

Regular maintenance will help to avoid undue
deterioration in either structural integrity or
appearance

A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

PART II

2 :5

PART II Design Guidelines
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2.3 The traditional scale and character of masonry
surfaces

and

architectural

features

should

be

retained.

This includes original mortar joint
characteristics such as prole, tooling, color,
and dimensions.

Retain bond or course patterns as an important
characterdefining aspectsof traditional
masonry.

2.4 Match the size, proportions, nish,

and color

of the original masonry unit, if replacement is
necessary.

2.5 The existing mortar mix should be retained if
it was designed for the physical qualities of the
masonry.

Variationin the brick texture and thepointing
prole are usedin this caseto dene thewall,
thewindow bayand the chimneys.

Retain original mortar in good condition.
o

Match the mix of the existing mortar as closely
as possible when repointing mortar.
Ensure that the strength of the mortar mix is
weaker than the material it bonds, since it will

damage the existing brick or stone otherwise.
Mortar is intended to be the sacricial (see
Glossary) component of a masonry system.
When

the mortar

mix is harder

than the

strength of the masonry units, the brick or
block will be damaged and deterioration
accelerated as the new system ages.
If previous repointing mix is comprised of
hard cement mortar (e.g. Portland cement),
this should be removed and the masonry repointed with an appropriate mortar mix.
Mortar mix for repointing original masonry
Matching theexisting brick pattern or bondand
thecompositionof the mortar help to ensure
the integrity of the brick and stoneworkand
consequentlyarchitecturalcharacter.

2 :6

PART II

should be compatible with the qualities of
the masonry, local climate characteristics and
exposure to extremes of weather.

Salt LakeCity

Chapter 2. Building Materials 8: Finishes
2.6 Masonry that was not painted traditionally
should not be painted.
Brick has a hard outer layer, also known as
the fire skin, that protects it from moisture
penetration and deterioration in harsh weather.
Natural

stone often has a similar

hard

&#3

Typical masonry joint types

protective surface created as the stone ages
after being quarried and cut.
Painting traditional masonry will obscure and
may destroy its original character.
Painting masonry can trap moisture that would
otherwise naturally evaporate through the
wall, not allowing it to breathe and causing
extensive damage over time.
Seealso the discussion on Cleaning Materials
and Methods

below.

2.7 Protect any masonry structures from water
deterioration.

i

Provide proper drainage so that water does not
stand on horizontal
decorative

surfaces

or accumulate

in

features.

Provide positive drainage away from masonry
foundations to minimize rising moisture.

Maintenance Tip
Whenrepointing erodedmortar in a masonrywall, usea recipe
for new mortar that is similar to theoriginal in color, texture
and hardness.This will ensurethat damagewill not occurfrom
the useof mortar that is harderthan the brick or stone,and
that thedetailedcraftsmanshipand characterof thebuilding is
retained.Originally, a mortar mix of 5 parts sand,2 parts lime,
0 parts cementwas used.*
* Up to 0.5 parts cementmay be OK.
A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties69*Districts

&#3

PART II Design Guidelines
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Wood

Wood has been used historically

for framing,

exterior siding, trim, ornamental details and in
log

form as a complete construction material.

Traditional
usually

wood framing

carefully

and cladding

were

selected, cut and seasoned.

Whether used for construction, principal elements
such as windows

and doors, or for trim and detail,

early wood tends to be tough and durable. It is
worth retaining for reasons of historic integrity and
its enduring physical qualities. New replacement
wood is unlikely to match these same physical
qualities, resilience and durability. Historic wood
windows

are reviewed

in Ch.3 Windows.

When properly maintained, historic wood will have
a long lifespan. Early woodwork should be retained
and if necessary repaired. New sections can be
readily spliced in. Painted surface finishes should be
maintained in order to preserve originally painted
exterior

wood

features

and details.

2.8 Original wood siding should be preserved.
0

Avoid removing siding that is in good
condition or that can be repaired in situ.

0

Only remove the siding which has deteriorated
beyond repair.

0

Match the dimensions, form, style, prole,
detail and nish of the original or existing
siding, if new siding is required.

important materialfor decorative
architecturalfeaturesand detail in all
city historic neighborhoods.
It is alsoa
very resilient and durablematerial.
2: 8

PART II

Maintenance Tip
Most woodsiding in Salt LakeCity was manufacturedlocally,
and can beeasilyreplicatedby local mills.

Salt LakeCity

2.9

Protect

wood

features

from

deterioration.

0

Provide proper drainage and ventilation to
minimize decay.

0

Maintain protective paint coatings to decrease
damage from moisture.

0

If the building was painted historically, it
should remain painted, including siding and
trim.

2.10 Repair wood features by patching, piecing-in,
consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing the wood
wherever necessary.
0

Match the form, dimensions, profile, and detail
of the original wood feature when patching,
piecing in or repairing wood features.

2.11Original wood cladding and siding should not
be covered.

0

Avoid obscuring these characterdefining
features of the building.

0

Aluminum or vinyl siding applied over original
wood siding traps water vapor and moisture,
and leads to physical deterioration and failure
of new and original building materials.

0

Remove nonoriginal or nontraditional siding
at the earliest opportunity, for this reason.

0

Repair the underlying original siding as
required.

Metal

Metals in historic buildings were used in a variety of
applications including columns, roofing, canopies,
storefronts,

window

frames,

and

decorative

features. The types of metals used include cast iron,

Chosenfor its qualitiesof resilienceand
adaptability,metalhasprovideda versatilemedium
for ne decorativedetailing, including cornice
proles, sofit panelingand railings.

steel, aluminum, lead, bronze, brass, and copper.
Metals should therefore be retained and repaired,
wherever this is possible

A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

PART II

2 :9

PART II Design Guidelines
,.

2.12

Architectural

metal

features

that

contribute

to the historic character of the building should be
retained and repaired.
0

All original or early metals are part of the
historic architectural character of the building.

0

Ensure proper drainage on metal surfaces to
minimize

0

water

retention

and deterioration.

Restore protective coatings, such as paint, on
exposed metals that have been traditionally
coated.

2.13 Repair traditional metal features by patching,
consolidating,

or

otherwise

reinforcing

the

original.
0

Only replace the original metal feature in
its entirety if the majority of the feature is
deteriorated beyond repair.

Finely
detailed
brickwork
warrants
special
care
in

.

maintenanceor repair.

NewmetalshouldbeCompatible
with the
. _

.

original, not only to preserve visual character
but to prevent galvanic reactions and
accelerated deterioration of original and/or
replacement metal.

Cleaning Materials & Methods
Original building

materials rarely need to be

cleaned. Some cleaning materials and methods can
harm the building fabric. Many cleaners can be
harsh and abrasive, often permanently damaging
the surface and durability of building materials,
such as brick and stone. In particular, abrasive
cleaning methods can remove the hard outer layer
of masonry material, and thereby accelerate the
deterioration and failure of the masonry. When
maintaining historic buildings, only cleaning
materials and methods that do not harm the original
building materials should be used. Cleaning is a

Mature
and
wet1the1edt0new0rk,
here
C0ntWSted

specialized
area
ofexpertise,
andmuch
irreparable

with .a new cornice
prole,. demonstratesa senseof
.

d

architectural
time
and
history.

d b
&#39;
amagecan b 8 Cause
y mexperlence
or

misapplication.
2 : 10

PART II

Salt LakeCity

Chapter 2. Building Materials & Finishes
.>aav»»%%mam mw
».. ...

See also the discussion regarding Masonry above.
Refer

to the information

the National

Park

and

Service

advice

contained

Technical

in

Preservation

Services Preservation Briefs (Referenced at the end
of this chapter and in the Appendix).
2.14 Cleaning original building materials should
be avoided

in most circumstances.

2.15 Use the gentlest cleaning method possible to
achieve the desired result, if cleaning is needed.
0

Avoid abrasive cleaning methods including
sandblasting, pressurized water blasting, or
other blasting techniques using any kind of
materials, such as soda, silica, or nut shells.

0

Researchappropriate cleaning methods for the
material and the location prior to any cleaning
procedures. (Seein particular the references
sources at the end of this chapter and in the
Appendix.)

0

Test any proposed cleaning in a small, less
visible, location rst.

0

Hire a specialist in the cleaning of historic
buildings to advise on the lowest impact
method of cleaning.

Repair
2.16

Repair

deteriorated

primary

building

materials.

0

Isolated areas of damage may be stabilized or
strengthened, using consolidants.

0

Resins and epoxies are effective for wood
repair.

0

Special repair compounds for brick, stone and
terracotta

are also available.

A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

,.-is.

GreatcareZSrequiredto ensurethat cleaning is
really requiredthis is achievedusing thegentlest
meanspossible,and not using abrasivemethods.In
contrast to thecaretakenabove,thebrick surface
belowhasbeencompletelydestroyedusing abrasive
cleaningmethods.

PART II

2 : 11

PART II Design Guidelines

2.17 When repointing masonry, preserve original
mortar
prole,
0

characteristics, including
and color.

In some cases,matching the composition of
the historic

Theappearance
and integrity of the
original masonrycan besuccessfully
maintainedthroughappropriaterepair.

composition,

mortar

mix will

be essential

to the

preservation of the brick itself.
2.18 Consider removing later covering materials,
except where these might have achieved historic
signicance.
0

Repair of the original material may be required
after it is uncovered.

0

Removal of other materials, such as stucco,
should

be tested in a small area to ensure that

the original material will not be damaged.
0

If masonry has a stucco nish, removing the
covering may be difficult and may reveal
extensive damage to the original material. For
example, original brickwork was sometimes

Removinglater materialsmay
revealtheoriginal materials,suchas
this siding, which with carecan be
successfullyrepaired.
Safety ooncerns relating to handling lead-based paint should
be borne in mind when working with paintwork dating from
before 1978. Recommendations and/or requirements for leadsafe working should be reviewed prior to any work. Leadbased paint should not be considered a reason to remove
and replace historic, character-defining materials or features,
including windows, doors details and trim. There are remedial
techniques which can be used to either safely remove or
encapsulate any lead-based paint. See the accompanying
links for further information.

chipped to provide a key for the stucco.
0

If removing stucco is considered, first remove
the material from a test patch to determine the
condition of the underlying masonry.

Paint & Other Coatings
Historic buildings that were clad with wood siding
were usually painted to protect the wood. Some
stucco, brick, and concrete buildings may also
have been painted. Masonry surfaces that have not

www.preserveticnnaiion.orgf%ssuesfle2ad»;3
been painted, or that were not painted historically,
such as stone, brick, and terracotta,

should not be

painted. Usually these materials were chosen for

mtg):/fvvwwnps.go\z!tps:?:ow~topreserveftzrie
their decorative as well as their functional qualities.

To paint over these characteristics will adversely
affect the historic integrity of the building.

Chapter 2. Building Materials 8: Finishes
Painting brick or stone is rarely if ever warranted
to enhance water resistance. Rather, it tends to seal

moisture into the wall, hastening deterioration.
Although color is not a matter considered by the
City in design review, consider using historic color
schemeswhen undertaking regular maintenance of
painted surfaces, including wood windows, doors,
and

trim.

Refer

also to the discussion

color in Ch.11 General

on historic

Issues.

A considered color scheme for the building will
enhance appreciation

of

historic

architectural

character and its contribution to the streetscape.
If the original color scheme is unknown, choose
several discrete locations to sample paint layer
history. Historic photographs can also be consulted.
While these are usually black and white, the photos
show relative color values (darks and lights)

Periodicmaintenance
of paintedsurfaces
maintains weather resistance and enhances

_ .

thecharacterof the building.

used on the building. Generally, one muted color
would be considered appropriate as a background
unifying the building form and mass. For accents,
one or two additional colors would be appropriate
to highlight building details and trim. In the absence
of historic photographs or physical paint layers, an
interpretation of paint colors on similar historic
buildings is appropriate.
2.19 Prepare the surface or substrate well prior to
applying new paint.
0

Remove damaged or deteriorated paint only to
the next intact layer using the gentlest method
possible.

0

Do not paint previously unpainted masonry
surfaces.

0

Consider removing paint from previously

Color can beusedto complementthe texture
and qualitiesof the materialsand detailing.

painted masonry surfaces that were not
painted historically.

A PreservationHandbookfor Historic ResidentialProperties8 Districts

PART II

2 : 13

2.20 Use paint products designed for the existing
materials

and the environmental

conditions

of the

locations.
Follow

the manufacturer&#39;sdirections

when

applying paint products.
Use primer coats as directed by the paint
manufacturer s instructions. Some latex paints,
for example, will not bond well to earlier oilbased paints without a primer coat or proper
surface preparation.
Employ special procedures for removal,
preparation for new paint, or encapsulation of
older paint layers that may contain lead.
2.21 Maintaining

or re-establishing the historic

color scheme is appropriate.
Researchwhat the historic painting scheme
had been and use it as a basis for deciding on a
new color scheme if the historic
otherwise

scheme is not

known.

Sample paint layer history in a discrete
location, using a simple means of sanding
through each layer revealing the color of
different paint layers through time.
Professional paint analysis and color matching
is also an option.
Materials and detailsexpress
architecturalcelebrationthroughout
the historic districts.

°

Use a comprehensive color schemefor a
building&#39;s
entire exterior, so that upper and
lower

oors

and subordinate

masses of a

building are seen as components of a single
structure.
Refer to Ch.11 General
discussion

2 : 14

PART II

on historic

Issues for further
color.

Salt LakeCity

Additional

Information

Masonry & Ceramics
De Teel Patterson Tiller. Preservation Briefs 7: The Preservation
of Historic Glazed Architectural Terra-Cotta. Washington,
DC: Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 1979

iiitpziiwwwsps.goviipslhow»ic~preeewelbrieisii-ierza»coiia.
him
Chapter 2. Building Materials & Finishes

Grimmer, Anne. Preservation Briefs 22: The Preservation
and Repair of Historic Stucco. Washington, DC: Technical
\ixiwmmww m . .
Preservation Services Division, National Park Service, US
Department of the interior. 1990
hit 3:;-iwww.ri s. .2exaltisliiow»to»~rsresen/e;i:r%e:sr22~siu<:<:o.
him
I
Park, Sharon C. Preservation Technical Notes. Exterior
Gaudette, Paul and Deborah Slaton. Preservation Briefs 15:
Woodwork #1: Proper Painting and Surface Preparation.
Preservation of Historic Concrete. Washington, DC: Technical
Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services Division,
Preservation Services Division, National Park Service, US
National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. 1986
Department of the Interior. 2006
hitp :/.:wwxev.i&#39;i
ps.g.r3vlt;3:~:«/h
on/mic»prezaerveiisrieisf
3§~{:¬>§i{3%&#39;¬~3i¬~3~.
him

\»\.rwv~.I.rips.govltpsihow~iowpre

London, Mark, Respectful Rehabilitation - Masonry - How to
Care for Old and Historic Brick and Stone. Washington, DC:
The National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1988

Exteriori
pd?
Weeks, Kay D. and David W. Look, AlA. Preservation Briefs 10:

i§iip:li;3<3oi<s.goegieLemii3ocksia§>c>L.ii:i\./iaScary.
Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork. Washington,
htm%?icieC{}Zi:3l>i/?xrl,ixM£x/i\J
Mack, Robert C., FAlA; Anne Grimmer. Preservation Briefs 1:
Cleaning and Water-Repellent Treatments for Historic Masonry
Buildings. Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services
Division, National Park Service, US Department of the interior.
2000
it its I.-"i\.=\.W\.-.
nfps.gcvlipsihew~ic:~presem/sitsriefsi
i »::ieae§rig«
waterwrepeiierii.htm
Pieper, Richard. Preservation Briefs 42: The Maintenance,
Repair and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone. Washington,
DC: Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 2006

DC: Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior
hiipjfiwww.:2cs.gsvfipsihow~io»;3reser\.Ieli;:s"§eisi
iwpainiw
gsroiiiemshim
See also Utahs Historic Architecture Glossary
i:iip;l:i"zisisry,uiah.govfarci"siie<;isreig§ossary.hmrii
Metals
Waite, John G., AlA. Preservation Briefs 27: The Maintenance
and Repair of Architectural Cast Iron. Washington, DC:
Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 1991

iziiplwww.Rgas.gcvlipslhew»io~sres

htip:/2www.ri;>s.gov!ips;hsw«to~preserveii;r%efsiéi2-cast-stone.
him
him
Preservation Briefs 5: The Preservation of Historic Adobe
Buildings. Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services
Division, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior.
1978

Cleaning & Repair
Grimmer, Anne E. , Preservation Briefs 6: Dangers ofAbrasive
Cleaning to Historic Buildings. Washington, DC: Technical
Preservation Services Division, National Park Service, US
Department of the interior. 1979
hits::iwww.nps.g<>viipsai;ow<~te«pi*eserveibr§eisl6mdemgers»
a:3rss§ve-»<:leanim3,him

iiii,c:ilwww.rips.gcv!i,r3slhcw~towpreservelbriefslS»s3doi::e~
Mack, Robert C., FAlA, and John P. Speweik. Preservation
i:v2.z§§r.ii:zgs.§iim
Preservation Briefs 12: The Preservation of Historic Pigmented
Structural Glass (Vitrolite and Carrara Glass). Washington,
DC: Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 1984
hitsziiwwwrips.gsviipsihmv~i<)»preserveibriefsl"E2«sima::iL2rai~
giasshim

Briefs 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings.
Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services Division,
National Park Service, US Department of the interior. 1998

hiipiiiwww.npsgav/ipsli2o\:u-towpre
iiiOii8i&#39;v,§I3ii&#39;:iS.iiii7"i
Myers, John H., revised by Gary L. Hume, Preservation
Briefs 8: Aluminum and Vinyl Siding on Historic Buildings -

PART II Design Guidelines

Park, Sharon, FAlA. Preservation Briefs 47: Maintaining
the Exterior of Small and Medium Size Historic Buildings.
Washington, DC: Technical Preservation Services Division,
National Park Service, US Department of the interior. 2007
min:l/www.rtgs.gcvfipsinow«io»preserv&#39;elt>rietssl4I7ma§:zEair:ing~
exterior:-3.%1tm
Weaver, Martin E. Preservation Briefs 38: Removing Grafti
from Historic Masonry. Washington, DC: Technical Preservation
Services Division, National Park Service, US Department of
the interior. 1995
izttp:l/wwwiaps.gov/l;Js/tzcswdowpres-eanrelbriefs/3E%remo\xe~
g za§t§.him
Energy Efficiency
Hensley, Jo Ellen and Aguilar, Antonio. Preservation Briefs 3:
Improving Energy Efciency in Historic Buildings. Washington,
DC: Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 2011
htip:/lwwwnps.gc>v;tps/tzcmx-twpre
SSrveliariefel3%mpmveeneigy~e?i"i::iency,
éstrn
Other
Park, Sharon C., Preservation Briefs 16: The Use of Substitute
Materials on Historic Building Exteriors. Washington, DC:
Technical Preservation Services Division, National Park
Service, US Department of the interior. 1988
htip :.//www.raps.g:3vltps;l%:ew»te«pre
seweléteriefsl
"é§~si.il;>si.iiete~
rnaterialsfstm
Historic Color
For information on historic oolor please see Chapter 11;
Additional information

Eective useof texture in stone,
brick and concrete.

2 : 16

PART II

Salt LakeCity