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Table of Contents
Introduction
Background and system model
Atoms and objects
Operations
State-based replication
Operation-based (op-based) objects
Convergence
State-based CRDT: Convergent Replicated Data Type (CvRDT)
Operation-based CRDT: Commutative Replicated Data Type (CmRDT)
Relation between the two approaches
Operation-based emulation of a state-based object
State-based emulation of an operation-based object
Portfolio of basic CRDTs
Counters
Op-based counter
State-based increment-only Counter (G-Counter)
State-based PN-Counter
Non-negative Counter
Registers
Last-Writer-Wins Register (LWW-Register)
Multi-Value Register (MV-Register)
Sets
Grow-Only Set (G-Set)
2P-Set
LWW-element-Set
PN-Set
Observed-Remove Set (OR-Set)
Graphs
Add-only monotonic DAG
Add-Remove Partial Order data type
Co-operative text editing
Replicated Growable Array (RGA)
Continuous sequence
Garbage collection
Stability problems
Commitment problems
Putting CRDTs to work
Observed-remove Shopping Cart
E-commerce bookstore
Comparison with previous work
Commutativity in transactional systems
Existing CRDTs
Commutativity-oriented design
Exploiting good connectivity for stronger consistency
Conclusion