IJUS

Discussion

International Journal of Unconventional Science
Issue E2, pp. 20-22, 2017
c Authors, 2017
received: 12.02.2018
accepted: 15.02.2018
http://www.unconv-science.org/en/e2/parkhomov2/
c Association of Unconventional Science, 2017

Multeity of Nuclides
Arising in the
Process of Cold
Nuclear Transmutations
A.G. Parkhomov
Abstract—It is shown that a huge variety of nuclides
arising as a result of cold nuclear transmutations is
the result of energetically favorable rearrangements of
nucleons.

At the present time many different devices have been
created, as a result of their operation nuclides arise that
were originally absent. It indicates the occurrence of
nuclear transmutations in these devices. Moreover, this
occurs without the emission of neutrons and gamma
quanta, which inevitably accompany the usual nuclear
transformations. Note various installations, where as a
result of the electroplasma process, iron, zinc, calcium,
silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium and a number
of other elements appear in water and other liquids [1],
[2], [3], [4]. A number of initially missing elements were
discovered after electric explosions of foils [5], in gasdischarge installations [6], in combustion products of thermite reaction [7], in various nickel-hydrogen reactors [8],
[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], in results of impact of powerful
electromagnetic impulses on melts of metals [15].
Articles [13], [14] present the results of an analysis of the
isotopic and elemental composition of fuel and matter near
the core of four nickel-hydrogen reactors before and after
working with the accumulation of excess thermal energy
up to 790 MJ. A significant increase in the concentration
of impurities of a multitude of nuclides was observed not
only in fuel, but also in structural materials adjacent to
active zones of reactors, as well as matter accumulated
in the cavity of the reactor near the core. The content
of boron, sodium, potassium, vanadium, scandium, iron,
copper, silver, lanthanides, mercury, lead, and bismuth was
particularly large.
In this paper the principal possibility of the formation
of such a rich diversity of emerging nuclides will be
shown, without delving into the physical mechanisms of
the occurrence of cold nuclear transmutations. The essence
of the changes is that a certain set of stable nuclides
passes into another set of stable nuclides with the release
of energy. Since neutrons or charged particles are not
emitted or absorbed, the total number of nucleons and the
total charge of the nuclei remain unchanged. Put physical
R & D laboratory K.I.T., alexparh@mail.ru.

mechanisms in the ’black box’. At the entrance of this box
are stable nuclides, at the output - also stable nuclides plus
energy. In the simplest case, there are one or two nuclides
at the input, one or two nuclides at the output, the number
of protons and the number of neutrons at the input equal
to the number of protons and neutrons at the output.
Consider three types of such transformations: fusion of
two cores into one, fission nucleus into two, transformation
of a pair of nuclei into another pair (transposition):
Fusion:
(A1, Z1) + (A2, Z2) →  → (A3, Z3) + Q,
A3 = A1 + A2, Z3 = Z1 + Z2
Fission:
(A3, Z3) →  → (A1, Z1) + (A2, Z2) + Q,
A3 = A1 + A2,

Z3 = Z1 + Z2

Transposition:
(A1, Z1) + (A2, Z2) →  → (A3, Z3) + (A4, Z4) + Q,
A1 + A2 = A3 + A4, Z1 + Z2 = Z3 + Z4
A computer program was compiled that selected combinations that satisfy the above formulated conditions, out of
possible combinations of 280 stable nuclides, information
on which was taken from [16]. As a result of the work of
this program, 1389 synthesis variants, 817 fission variants
and 516789 transposition variants were identified. It is
impossible to bring so great information in the article.
Those who want to read it can get it from the author
of this article in the form of an EXCEL file.
Thus, the number of even the simplest variants is enormous. But in fact, more than two nuclei can be involved in
such processes, and processes involving electrons are also
possible. However, it should be noted that processes involving many particles are usually unlikely. The processes
involving electrons are associated with weak interactions,
the estimation of the probability of which is problematic.
Let us consider possible transmutations associated with
the operation of nickel-hydrogen reactors. In the core of
such reactors is nickel, containing hydrogen dissolved in

A.G. Parkhomov. Multeity of Nuclides Arising in the Process of Cold Nuclear Transmutations

it (’fuel’). In addition, if the reactor is loaded with a
mixture of nickel powder and lithium aluminum hydride,
an impurity of lithium and aluminum may be present. But
it should be noted that when the reactor is operating, the
fuel is heated to a temperature of the order of 1500◦C
or higher. At this temperature, lithium and aluminum
evaporate and condense in the cold parts of the reactor,
as a result of which the concentration of these substances
in the core of the reactor becomes very low. The main
interactions are:
reactions of nickel with hydrogen dissolved in it
62
64

N i + 1H →
N i + 1H →

63
65

27

Al +
Al +
27
Al +
27
Al +
27
Al +
27
Al +
27
Al +
27
Al +
27

62

60

58

64

60

Ni +
Ni +
58
Ni +
60
Ni +
61
Ni +
58
Ni +
61
Ni +
58
Ni +
58
Ni +

Ni →
Ni →
64
Ni →
64
Ni →
61
Ni →
64
Ni →
61
Ni →
64
Ni →
64
Ni →

Cu + 6, 125 MeV
Cu + 7, 450 MeV

Ni +
Ni +
61
Ni +
62
Ni +
60
Ni +
56
Fe +
56
Fe +
59
Co +
58
Fe +

N i + 1, 957 MeV
N i + 3, 8871 MeV
61
N i + 1, 1206 MeV
62
N i + 1, 9114 MeV
62
N i + 2, 7665 MeV
66
Zn + 2, 1620 MeV
66
Zn + 1, 0414 MeV
63
Cu + 0, 4807 MeV
64
Zn + 0, 8234 MeV

Thus iron, zinc, cobalt are formed. The appearance of
these elements in spent fuel, in besides of zinc, is confirmed
by analyzes [13], [14], [15]. Zinc, having a boiling point
of 906◦C, ’boils out’. It is found in colder places of the
reactor, where its vapor condenses.
As was mentioned above, during the operation of nickelhydrogen reactors, transmutations can occur not only in
’fuel’, but in the surrounding matter. Perhaps this is due
to the fact that transmutations are not just process in
’fuel’, but in local formations, which G.V. Myshinsky
called ’capsules’ [17]. In these capsules must fit at least
two atoms. In condensed matter, the distance between
neighboring atoms is about 10 nm. Therefore, the diameter
of the capsules is not less than 10 nm. They are electrically neutral, so they move fairly freely in the substance.
They are able to leave the zone where they occur, and,
permeating the substance, cause transmutations in their
path. They can go outside the reactor and, getting on
a photographic film or other detector, cause in it the
appearance of surprising tracks, absolutely not similar to
tracks from nuclear particles [18].
Consider the transmutations possible in corundum tubes
(Al2 O3 ), which are commonly used to house fuel and as
an outer shell.
A feature of aluminum is that, in addition to 27 Al, it
does not have other isotopes. But even in monoisotopic
aluminum, several energetically favorable transmutations
are possible:

Al
Al
27
Al
27
Al
27
Al
27
Al
27
Al
27
Al
27

16

16

16

16

O+
O+
16
O+
16
O+
16
O+
16
O+

60

62

27

→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→

54

F e + 21, 2426 MeV
Cr + 4 He + 13, 4284 MeV
42
Ca + 12 C + 4, 1377 MeV
38
Ar + 16 O + 5, 0580 MeV
34
S + 20 N e + 5, 0580 MeV
30
Si + 24 M g + 3, 9719 MeV
29
Si + 25 M g + 0, 6884 MeV
28
Si + 26 M g + 3, 3087 MeV
50

In addition, transmutations are possible with the
participation of oxygen nuclei, as well as oxygen and
aluminum:

and reactions of various isotopes of nickel with each
other
58

21

O → 32 S + 16, 5390 MeV
O → 31 P + 1 H + 7, 6734 MeV
16
O → 28 Si + 4 He + 9, 5944 MeV
27
Al → 42 Ca + 1 H + 9, 3121 MeV
27
Al → 39 K + 4 He + 9, 4388 MeV
27
Al → 31 P + 12 C + 2, 5029 MeV

Oxygen, in addition to the 16 O isotope, has two more
stable isotopes. But their content is small and possible
transmutations with their participation are not listed here.
Thus, in corundum, iron, chromium, calcium, sulfur,
silicon, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium can appear.
Analyzes [13], [14], [15] confirm a significant increase in
the concentration of these elements after the presence of
corundum in the operating reactor.
In addition, the analysis of the substance in the reactor
shows the appearance of heavy elements (bismuth, lead,
mercury, silver, lanthanides, etc.). They can arise as a
result of transmutations in the tungsten from which the
wire of the heater is made, for example,
182

W
W
180
W
180
W
180
W
180
W

183

→ 18 O + 164 Dy + 18, 897 MeV
→ 4 He + 167 Hf + 1, 5528 MeV
+ 184 W → 182 W + 182 W + 1, 3320 MeV
+ 186 W → 181 T a + 185 Re + 0, 2981 MeV
+ 186 W → 174 Y b + 192 P t + 0, 8104 MeV
+ 184 W → 178 Hf + 186 Os + 0, 1490 MeV

In total, there were found 116 variants of transmutations
in tungsten. In 87 cases lanthanides are formed, in 30
cases mercury, in 22 cases plumbum, in 20 cases platinum,
in 15 cases hafnium, in 11 cases osmium. Less likely
the formation of thallium, tantalum, rhenium, gold. In
addition, calcium, xenon, helium, carbon, oxygen, neon,
boron, nitrogen, magnesium, silicon, titanium are formed.
Thus, a huge variety of nuclides arising as a result of cold
nuclear transmutations can be understood as the result of
energetically favorable transposition of nucleons without
knowing of physical mechanisms.
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International Journal of Unconventional Science, Issue E2, 2017